Gorla Laura, Fusco Chiara, Santona Alessandra
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Dec 8;11(24):3128. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11243128.
Communicative openness (CO) defines the willingness of parents and children to explore the significance of adoption. Especially in the first year of adoption, CO could be challenging for adoptive parents, who are influenced by personal characteristics. Using a retrospective assessment, we investigated parents' communicative experiences in the first year of adoption and whether these are affected by romantic attachment and empathy. In the study, 290 adoptive parents (females = 73%, mean age 50 years) filled (a) an ad hoc questionnaire for CO, (b) Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) for attachment, and the (c) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) for empathy. During the first year, most parents reported difficulties in controlling their emotions and understanding their children's emotions. Parents with an avoidant attachment and personal distress in empathy were more likely to feel fatigued in sharing and controlling personal feelings and understanding their children's feelings. Open adoption-related communication is a complex and challenging process for adoptive parents, which can be facilitated or not by individual characteristics such as avoidant attachment and personal distress in emotional situations. These results could help develop psychological interventions targeting adoptive parents during the first year after the child enters the family system.
沟通开放性（CO）定义了父母和孩子探索收养意义的意愿。特别是在收养的第一年，沟通开放性对养父母来说可能具有挑战性，因为他们会受到个人特质的影响。通过回顾性评估，我们调查了养父母在收养第一年的沟通经历，以及这些经历是否受到浪漫依恋和同理心的影响。在这项研究中，290名养父母（女性占73%，平均年龄50岁）填写了（a）一份关于沟通开放性的特设问卷，（b）用于测量依恋的亲密关系经历量表修订版（ECR-R），以及（c）用于测量同理心的人际反应指数（IRI）。在第一年里，大多数父母表示在控制自己的情绪和理解孩子的情绪方面存在困难。具有回避型依恋和同理心方面个人痛苦的父母，在分享和控制个人感受以及理解孩子感受时更容易感到疲惫。对于养父母来说，与收养相关的开放式沟通是一个复杂且具有挑战性的过程，诸如回避型依恋和情绪情境中的个人痛苦等个体特征可能会促进或阻碍这一过程。这些结果有助于制定针对孩子进入家庭系统后第一年养父母的心理干预措施。
