Zina Sourour Meziou, Hoarau Gautier, Labetoulle Marc, Khairallah Moncef, Rousseau Antoine
Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia.
Pathogens. 2023 Dec 15;12(12):1457. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12121457.
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by arthropods (mainly mosquitoes) that cause severe endemic infections and epidemics on a global scale. They represent a major cause of systemic morbidity and death and are expanding worldwide. Among this group, dengue fever, the West Nile virus, yellow fever, Japanese Encephalitis, and, recently, the Zika virus have been linked to a spectrum of ocular manifestations. These manifestations encompass subconjunctival hemorrhages and conjunctivitis, anterior and posterior uveitis (inclusive of vitritis, chorioretinitis, and retinal vasculitis), maculopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuritis. Clinical diagnosis of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Diagnosis confirmation relies on laboratory testing, including RT-PCR and serological testing. Ocular involvement typically follows a self-limited course but can result in irreversible visual impairment. Effective treatments of flavivirus infections are currently unavailable. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control. Effective vaccines are available only for the yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and Japanese Encephalitis virus. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge regarding the ophthalmic manifestations of the foremost flavivirus-associated human diseases.
黄病毒是一组正义单链RNA病毒，主要通过节肢动物（主要是蚊子）传播，在全球范围内引起严重的地方性感染和流行。它们是导致全身发病和死亡的主要原因，并且正在全球范围内蔓延。在这组病毒中，登革热、西尼罗河病毒、黄热病、日本脑炎以及最近的寨卡病毒都与一系列眼部表现有关。这些表现包括结膜下出血和结膜炎、前葡萄膜炎和后葡萄膜炎（包括玻璃体炎、脉络膜视网膜炎和视网膜血管炎）、黄斑病变、视网膜出血和视神经炎。这些传染病的临床诊断主要基于流行病学数据、病史、全身症状和体征以及眼部受累模式。诊断的确立依赖于实验室检测，包括逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和血清学检测。眼部受累通常呈自限性病程，但可导致不可逆的视力损害。目前尚无针对黄病毒感染的有效治疗方法。预防仍然是节肢动物媒介和人畜共患病控制的主要手段。仅黄热病病毒、登革病毒和日本脑炎病毒有有效的疫苗。本综述全面总结了目前关于最重要的黄病毒相关人类疾病眼部表现的知识。
