Abroug Nesrine, Khairallah Molka, Zina Sourour, Ksiaa Imen, Amor Hager Ben, Attia Sonia, Jelliti Bechir, Khochtali Sana, Khairallah Moncef
Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
Departement of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
J Curr Ophthalmol. 2021 Oct 22;33(3):227-235. doi: 10.4103/joco.joco_134_21. eCollection 2021 Jul-Sep.
To review the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases.
This is a narrative review on arthropod-borne infectious diseases including general and ophthalmological aspects of these infectious diseases. A comprehensive literature review between January 1983 and September 2020 was conducted in PubMed database. Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases were reviewed.
Emergent and resurgent arthropod-borne infectious diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide. Among them, bacterial and viral agents including rickettsial disease, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift valley fever, and Zika virus have been associated with an array of ocular manifestations. These include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests. Ocular involvement usually has a self-limited course, but it can result in persistent visual impairment. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for rickettsial disease. There is currently no proven specific treatment for arboviral diseases. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control.
Emerging arthropod vector-borne diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uveitis, especially in patient living or with recent travel to endemic countries. Early clinical diagnosis, while laboratory testing is pending, is essential for proper management to prevent systemic and ocular morbidity.
综述节肢动物传播的感染性疾病的临床特征、诊断、治疗方式及预后。
这是一篇关于节肢动物传播的感染性疾病的叙述性综述，包括这些感染性疾病的一般方面和眼科方面。于1983年1月至2020年9月期间在PubMed数据库中进行了全面的文献检索。对节肢动物传播的感染性疾病的流行病学、临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后进行了综述。
新出现和再次出现的节肢动物传播的感染性疾病是全球范围内导致全身发病和死亡的主要原因。其中，包括立克次体病、西尼罗河病毒、登革热、基孔肯雅热、裂谷热和寨卡病毒在内的细菌和病毒病原体与一系列眼部表现有关。这些表现包括前葡萄膜炎、视网膜炎、脉络膜视网膜炎、视网膜血管炎和视神经受累。对任何一种此类感染性疾病的正确临床诊断主要基于流行病学数据、病史、全身症状和体征以及眼部受累模式。通过实验室检查确诊。眼部受累通常有自限性病程，但可导致持续性视力损害。强力霉素是立克次体病的首选治疗药物。目前尚无经证实的针对虫媒病毒疾病的特效治疗方法。预防仍然是控制节肢动物媒介和人畜共患病的主要手段。
在葡萄膜炎的鉴别诊断中应考虑新出现的节肢动物媒介传播疾病，特别是对于居住在流行国家或近期前往过流行国家的患者。在等待实验室检查结果期间进行早期临床诊断对于正确管理以预防全身和眼部发病至关重要。
