Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan.
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2749:73-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3609-1_7.
The intestinal epithelium is composed of two distinct structures, namely, the villi and crypts. The base of the crypts contains intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which support the high regenerative capacity of the intestinal epithelium. With the establishment of the three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture method, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance of ISCs have been widely analyzed. However, the sphere-like morphology of the 3D organoids prevents access to the apical side of the epithelium. To overcome this limitation, two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures derived from 3D organoids have been attempted; however, 2D culture methods for the mouse small intestine have not been well established. In this study, we developed a simple method that uses only commercially available materials, for the formation of 2D epithelial monolayers from mouse 3D small intestinal organoids. Using this method, confluent 2D epithelial monolayers were established within 4 days. This monolayer showed stable tight junction and included ISCs and differentiated intestinal cells. It also showed physiologically relevant transepithelial electrical resistance values. On the basis of these findings, this method opens a novel platform for analyzing the physiology of the intestinal epithelium, its interaction with microbes, and mechanisms of villus formation.
肠上皮由两种不同的结构组成,即绒毛和隐窝。隐窝的底部含有肠干细胞(ISCs),它们支持肠上皮的高再生能力。随着三维(3D)类器官培养方法的建立,ISCs 的分化、增殖和维持的细胞和分子机制得到了广泛的分析。然而,3D 类器官的球体形态阻止了对上皮顶端的接近。为了克服这一限制,已经尝试了从 3D 类器官衍生的二维(2D)单层培养物;然而,尚未很好地建立用于小鼠小肠的 2D 培养方法。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种简单的方法,仅使用市售材料,从小鼠 3D 小肠类器官形成 2D 上皮单层。使用这种方法,4 天内即可形成致密的 2D 上皮单层。该单层显示出稳定的紧密连接,包含 ISCs 和分化的肠细胞。它还表现出具有生理相关性的跨上皮电阻值。基于这些发现,该方法为分析肠上皮的生理学、与微生物的相互作用以及绒毛形成机制开辟了一个新的平台。
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