Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2024 Feb 2;411:110538. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110538. Epub 2023 Dec 20.
Given the great importance of Salmonella as a leading foodborne pathogen of global concern and the few available data regarding its prevalence in camel meat, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile, virulence genes, β-lactamase genes of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from camel meat marketed in Egypt. Forty-five (29.6 %) of the 152 camel meat samples examined were positive for Salmonella spp. Among the 432 Salmonella presumptive colonies isolated, 128 were molecularly verified as Salmonella after confirmation by PCR targeting the Salmonella marker (invA) gene. Virulence genes, encompassing stn, spvC, and hilA genes, were detected in 91.4 % (117/128), 20.3 % (26/128), and 80.5 % (103/128) of the isolates, respectively. S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Cerro, and S. Montevideo were the most prevalent serovars with incidences of 25 % (32/128), 15.6 % (20/128), 15.6 % (20/128), and 12.5 % (16/128), respectively. Interestingly, 56.3 %, 53.1 %, 37.5 %, 28.1 %, 21.9 %, 18.8 %, 12.5 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates tested showed resistance to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, colistin, meropenem, and azithromycin, respectively. Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with a mean multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.472. Interestingly, 59.4 %, 15.6 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates were categorized into multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pan-drug-resistant, respectively. Only 23 (25 %) of the 92 ampicillin-resistant isolates were proven to be Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, in which β-lactamase (bla) genes were detected. The bla was the most existing gene where it was detected lonely in 10 of the ampicillin-resistant isolates and coexisted with bla in 4 isolates and with bla in a single isolate. The bla, however, existed in 11 isolates, whereas the bla gene was only detected in 3 isolates tested. The present findings affirm that camel meat could be a leading reservoir for multi- and extensively-drug-resistance β-lactamase-producing Salmonella, representing a global public health challenge. Therefore, further research is necessary to detect the prevalence and AMR of Salmonella serovars from camel meat in Egypt and other countries to put camel meat as a source of Salmonella in foods of animal origin.
鉴于沙门氏菌作为全球关注的主要食源性病原体的重要性，以及有关骆驼肉中沙门氏菌流行率的可用数据很少，本研究旨在确定埃及市售骆驼肉中分离的沙门氏菌血清型的流行率、抗生素耐药性 (AMR) 谱、毒力基因和β-内酰胺酶基因。在检查的 152 份骆驼肉样本中，有 45 份（29.6%）为沙门氏菌属阳性。从 432 个疑似沙门氏菌属的分离株中，通过针对沙门氏菌标记（invA）基因的 PCR 确认，有 128 个被分子确认为沙门氏菌。在所检测的 117/128（91.4%）、26/128（20.3%）和 103/128（80.5%）分离株中分别检测到了 stn、spvC 和 hilA 毒力基因。血清型最常见的是肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、塞拉利昂沙门氏菌和蒙特维多沙门氏菌，发生率分别为 25%（32/128）、15.6%（20/128）、15.6%（20/128）和 12.5%（16/128）。有趣的是，56.3%、53.1%、37.5%、28.1%、21.9%、18.8%、12.5%和 3.1%的分离株分别对头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、黏菌素、美罗培南和阿奇霉素耐药。沙门氏菌分离株对至少一种抗生素表现出耐药性，平均多重抗生素耐药性 (MAR) 指数为 0.472。有趣的是，59.4%、15.6%和 3.1%的分离株分别被归类为多药耐药、广泛耐药和泛耐药。在 92 株氨苄西林耐药的分离株中，仅有 23 株（25%）被证实为产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的沙门氏菌，其中检测到β-内酰胺酶（bla）基因。bla 是最常见的基因，在 10 株氨苄西林耐药的分离株中单独检测到，在 4 株分离株中与 bla 共存，在 1 株分离株中与 bla 共存。然而，bla 存在于 11 株分离株中，而 bla 基因仅在 3 株检测到的分离株中检测到。本研究结果证实，骆驼肉可能是多药和广泛耐药的产β-内酰胺酶沙门氏菌的主要储存库，这是一个全球性的公共卫生挑战。因此，有必要进一步研究埃及和其他国家骆驼肉中沙门氏菌血清型的流行率和 AMR，以将骆驼肉作为动物源食品中沙门氏菌的来源。
