Liu Lingling, Abiol Kyle A E, Friest Mason A, Fisher Kaleb D
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Dec 12;15(24):4682. doi: 10.3390/polym15244682.
Soybean stover is a lignocellulose biomass that is rich in cellulose. In the present study, soybean cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared from soybean stover by alkaline treatment, bleaching treatment, acid hydrolysis, dialysis and ultrasonication. The as-prepared soybean CNC was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zetasizer and rheometer. The effects of NaCl on the particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity of soybean CNC was studied. Soybean CNC was explored as an emulsion stabilizer for lemongrass-essential-oil-loaded emulsions. Soybean CNCs could stabilize the oil-in-water emulsion against coalescence but not flocculation. The addition of NaCl reduced the creaming index and enhanced the encapsulation efficiency and freeze-thaw stability of the CNC-stabilized emulsion. Salted CNC (i.e., CNC in the presence of NaCl) enhanced the thermodynamic stability (i.e., heating-cooling and freeze-thaw stability) of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion, while unsalted CNC did not. Synergistic effects existed between Tween 80 and salted CNC in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. The nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween 80 and salted CNC had a mean particle size of ~70 nm, and it was stable against all thermodynamic stability tests. This is the first study to report the synergistic interaction between salted CNC and small molecular weight surfactants (e.g., Tween 80) to improve the thermodynamic stability of nanoemulsion.
大豆秸秆是一种富含纤维素的木质纤维素生物质。在本研究中，通过碱处理、漂白处理、酸水解、透析和超声处理从大豆秸秆中制备了大豆纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、zeta电位仪和流变仪对所制备的大豆CNC进行了表征。研究了NaCl对大豆CNC粒径、zeta电位和粘度的影响。探索了大豆CNC作为负载柠檬草精油乳液的乳化稳定剂。大豆CNC可以稳定水包油乳液防止聚结，但不能防止絮凝。添加NaCl降低了乳析指数，提高了CNC稳定乳液的包封效率和冻融稳定性。盐处理的CNC（即存在NaCl时的CNC）提高了吐温80稳定乳液的热力学稳定性（即加热-冷却和冻融稳定性），而未加盐的CNC则没有。吐温80和盐处理的CNC在稳定水包油乳液方面存在协同作用。用吐温80和盐处理的CNC稳定的纳米乳液的平均粒径约为70 nm，并且在所有热力学稳定性测试中都很稳定。这是首次报道盐处理的CNC与小分子表面活性剂（如吐温80）之间的协同相互作用以提高纳米乳液热力学稳定性的研究。
