Maniscalco Laura, Genovese Dario, Ravazzolo Barbara, Vella Giuseppe, Sparacia Benedetta, Vitale Francesco, Matranga Domenica, Amodio Emanuele
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Unità Operativa Complessa di Epidemiologia Clinica con Registro Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 26;11(12):1757. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121757.
: Reinfections occur as a response to natural infections wanes and novel strains of SARS-CoV-2 emerge. The present research explored the correlation between sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination, prior infection hospitalization, and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Sicily, Italy. : A population-based retrospective cohort study was articulated using the vaccination flux from a regional registry and the Sicilian COVID-19 monitoring system of the Italian Institute of Health. Only adult Sicilians were included in the study, and hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression. : Partial vaccination provided some protection (adj-HR: 0.92), when compared to unvaccinated individuals; furthermore, reinfection risk was reduced by full vaccination (adj-HR: 0.43), and the booster dose (adj-HR: 0.41). Males had a lower risk than females of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (adj-HR: 0.75). Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 was diminished by hospitalization during the first infection (adj-HR: 0.78). Reinfection risk was higher among those aged 30-39 and 40-49 compared to those aged 18-29, whereas those aged 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ were statistically protected. Reinfection was significantly more frequent during the wild-type-Alpha, Delta, Delta-Omicron, and Omicron dominance/codominance waves compared to the wild type. : This study establishes a solid base for comprehending the reinfection phenomenon in Sicily by pinpointing the most urgent policy hurdles and identifying some of the major factors. COVID-19 vaccination, one of the most effective public health tools, protects against reinfection, mostly caused by the Omicron strain. Elderly and hospitalized people's lower risk suggests stricter PPE use.
随着对自然感染的反应减弱以及新型SARS-CoV-2毒株出现，再次感染发生。本研究探讨了意大利西西里岛的性别、年龄、新冠疫苗接种、既往感染住院情况与SARS-CoV-2再次感染之间的相关性。
采用基于人群的回顾性队列研究，利用地区登记处的疫苗接种流量和意大利卫生研究院的西西里岛新冠监测系统。研究仅纳入成年西西里岛居民，并使用Cox回归计算风险比。
与未接种疫苗的个体相比，部分接种提供了一定保护（调整后风险比：0.92）；此外，全程接种（调整后风险比：0.43）和加强针（调整后风险比：0.41）降低了再次感染风险。男性感染SARS-CoV-2的风险低于女性（调整后风险比：0.75）。首次感染期间住院可降低SARS-CoV-2再次感染风险（调整后风险比：0.78）。与18-29岁人群相比，30-39岁和40-49岁人群的再次感染风险更高，而60-69岁、70-79岁和80岁以上人群在统计学上受到保护。与野生型相比，在野生型-阿尔法、德尔塔、德尔塔-奥密克戎和奥密克戎主导/共主导浪潮期间，再次感染明显更为频繁。
本研究通过确定最紧迫的政策障碍并识别一些主要因素，为理解西西里岛的再次感染现象奠定了坚实基础。新冠疫苗接种作为最有效的公共卫生工具之一，可预防主要由奥密克戎毒株引起的再次感染。老年人和住院患者风险较低表明应更严格地使用个人防护装备。
