Berg Selina Kikkenborg, Wallach-Kildemoes Helle, Rasmussen Line Ryberg, Nygaard Ulrikka, Bundgaard Henning, Ersbøll Annette Kjær, Bering Louise, Thygesen Lau Caspar, Nielsen Susanne Dam, Christensen Anne Vinggaard
Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 27;11(12):1766. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121766.
This study investigates the impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on health outcomes and hospital contacts in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, comparing previously vaccinated with unvaccinated. Using national register data, vaccinated and unvaccinated Danish children and adolescents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test between 1 January and 31 March 2022 (Omicron dominance period) were included. The Prior Event Rate Ratio (PERR) was used to explore differences in hospital contacts (hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits), while Inverse Treatment Probability Weighted (IPW) risk ratios were used to explore the risk of severe health outcomes within six weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccinated 5-11-year-old girls had fewer visits to the ER compared to unvaccinated ones, PERR 0.92 (95% CI 0.84-1.00). Vaccinated 5-11-year-old boys had fewer hospitalizations (PERR 0.79 (0.64-0.99)) and more ER visits (PERR 1.13 (1.04-1.22)) compared to unvaccinated ones. An unadjusted and significant lower risk of febrile seizure among vaccinated 5-11-year-olds compared to unvaccinated ones was found (risk ratio 0.12 (0.04-0.39), ≤ 0.01. No significant differences were found for severe conditions or for croup or pneumonia in either age group. The results indicate a modest protective effect of the vaccine in terms of hospital contacts, but no protective effect on health outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in this population of Danish children and adolescents.
本研究调查了针对感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）奥密克戎变异株的5至18岁儿童和青少年接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗对健康结局和医院接触情况的影响，比较了既往接种疫苗者和未接种疫苗者。利用国家登记数据，纳入了2022年1月1日至3月31日期间（奥密克戎主导期）SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性的丹麦已接种和未接种疫苗的儿童及青少年。采用既往事件率比（PERR）来探讨医院接触情况（住院和急诊室就诊）的差异，而采用逆概率加权（IPW）风险比来探讨SARS-CoV-2感染后六周内出现严重健康结局的风险。与未接种疫苗的5至11岁女孩相比，接种疫苗的此类女孩急诊室就诊次数更少，PERR为0.92（95%置信区间0.84 - 1.00）。与未接种疫苗的5至11岁男孩相比，接种疫苗的此类男孩住院次数更少（PERR 0.79（0.64 - 0.99）），急诊室就诊次数更多（PERR 1.13（1.04 - 1.22））。与未接种疫苗的5至11岁儿童相比，接种疫苗的此类儿童热性惊厥风险未调整且显著降低（风险比0.12（0.04 - 0.39），P≤0.01）。在两个年龄组中，严重疾病、喉炎或肺炎均未发现显著差异。结果表明，在丹麦儿童和青少年人群中，疫苗在医院接触方面有适度的保护作用，但对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎感染后的健康结局没有保护作用。
