营养策略在 2 型糖尿病管理中的应用：叙述性综述。
Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.
机构信息
Department of Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil.
Department of Endocrinology, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 13;15(24):5096. doi: 10.3390/nu15245096.
BACKGROUND
Thinking about greater adherence to dietary planning, it is extremely important to be aware of all nutritional strategies and dietary prescriptions available in the literature, and of which of them is the most efficient for the management of T2DM.
METHODS
A search was carried out in 2023 for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines in the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, CrossRef and Google Scholar. In total, 202 articles were collected and analyzed. The period of publications was 1983-2023.
RESULTS
There is still no consensus on what the best nutritional strategy or ideal dietary prescription is, and individuality is necessary. In any case, these references suggest that Mediterranean Diet may of greater interest for the management of T2DM, with the following recommended dietary prescription: 40-50% carbohydrates; 15-25% proteins; 25-35% fats (<7% saturated, 10% polyunsaturated, and 10% monounsaturated); at least 14 g of fiber for every 1000 kcal consumed; and <2300 mg sodium.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuality is the gold standard for dietary prescriptions, however, the Mediterranean diet with low levels of carbohydrates and fats seems to be the most promising strategy for the management of T2DM.
背景
为了提高对饮食计划的依从性，了解文献中所有可用的营养策略和饮食处方，以及哪种策略对 2 型糖尿病的管理最有效，这一点非常重要。
方法
本研究于 2023 年在以下数据库中检索了随机临床试验、系统评价、荟萃分析和指南：PubMed、SciELO、Web of Science、CrossRef 和 Google Scholar。共收集和分析了 202 篇文章。出版物的时间跨度为 1983 年至 2023 年。
结果
目前仍未就最佳营养策略或理想饮食处方达成共识，需要考虑个体化因素。在任何情况下，这些参考文献都表明地中海饮食可能更有利于 2 型糖尿病的管理，以下是推荐的饮食处方：碳水化合物 40-50%；蛋白质 15-25%；脂肪 25-35%（<7%饱和脂肪、10%多不饱和脂肪和 10%单不饱和脂肪）；每 1000 卡路里摄入至少 14 克纤维；钠摄入量<2300 毫克。
结论
个体化是饮食处方的金标准，但低碳水化合物和低脂肪的地中海饮食似乎是 2 型糖尿病管理最有前途的策略。
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