Diabetes Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 21;13(6):2123. doi: 10.3390/nu13062123.
A protective effect of vegan diets on health outcomes has been observed in previous studies, but its impact on diabetes is still debated. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between vegan diets and the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) along with its effect on glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, Pubmed and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies. Seven observational and eight randomized controlled (RCTs) studies were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. We found that a vegan diet is associated with lower T2D prevalence or incidence and in T2D patients decreases high glucose values and improves glucose homeostasis, as reported from the majority of included studies. This approach seems to be comparable to other recommended healthful eating models, but as it may have potential adverse effects associated with the long-term exclusion of some nutrients, appropriate nutritional planning and surveillance are recommended, particularly in specific groups of diabetic patients such as frail elderly, adolescents, and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
先前的研究观察到素食饮食对健康结果有保护作用，但它对糖尿病的影响仍存在争议。本综述旨在评估素食饮食与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险之间的关系，以及其对血糖控制和糖尿病相关并发症的影响。根据 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南，系统地检索了 Pubmed 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库中所有相关研究。共纳入了 7 项观察性研究和 8 项随机对照试验（RCT）。使用美国国立卫生研究院的观察性队列和横断面研究质量评估工具以及 Cochrane RCT 偏倚风险工具评估了研究的方法学质量。我们发现，素食饮食与较低的 T2D 患病率或发病率相关，并且在 T2D 患者中，降低高血糖值并改善血糖稳态，这是大多数纳入研究报告的结果。这种方法似乎可与其他推荐的健康饮食模式相媲美，但由于长期排除某些营养素可能会产生潜在的不良反应，建议进行适当的营养规划和监测，特别是在某些糖尿病患者群体中，如体弱的老年人、青少年以及孕妇或哺乳期妇女。
