Mascini M, Guilbault G G
Biosensors. 1986;2(3):147-72. doi: 10.1016/0265-928x(86)80002-5.
Clinical applications of enzyme electrochemical sensors are reported; they are based on the coupling of enzymes with potentiometric membrane electrodes (pH, iodide), or potentiometric probes (ammonia, carbon dioxide) or amperometric devices (oxygen, hydrogen peroxide). The most popular and successful immobilization procedures for enzymes are reviewed, namely physical entrapments and chemical methods for binding enzymes to solid support like collagen and nylon net; procedures specifically developed for clinical uses of enzyme probes. The simplicity of the apparatus is evidenced, and it is explained how a single instrument can be useful for all kind of measurements. Practical suggestions for constructing a typical probe are given. Single paragraphs are devoted to the determination of urea, cholesterol, creatinine, amino acids, glucose, lactate, protein, choline and acetylcholine to clarify the sequence of enzymatic and electrochemical reactions in order to elucidate the application range, the sensitivity and the selectivity as well as the relevant interferences for each metabolite either in the enzymatic or in the electrochemical step. The applications performed in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo and the commercial availability of some instruments are reported.
报道了酶电化学传感器的临床应用；这些应用基于酶与电位膜电极（pH、碘化物）、电位探针（氨、二氧化碳）或安培检测装置（氧气、过氧化氢）的耦合。综述了最常用且成功的酶固定化方法，即物理包埋以及将酶与诸如胶原蛋白和尼龙网等固体支持物结合的化学方法；这些方法是专门为酶探针的临床应用而开发的。文中证明了该仪器的简易性，并解释了一台仪器如何能用于所有类型的测量。给出了构建典型探针的实用建议。用单独的段落介绍了尿素、胆固醇、肌酐、氨基酸、葡萄糖、乳酸、蛋白质、胆碱和乙酰胆碱的测定，以阐明酶促反应和电化学反应的顺序，从而说明每种代谢物在酶促步骤或电化学步骤中的应用范围、灵敏度、选择性以及相关干扰。报道了在体外、体内和离体条件下的应用以及一些仪器的商业可得性。
