Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
J Control Release. 2024 Feb;366:85-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.032. Epub 2023 Dec 29.
Recently, biomembrane nanostructures, such as liposomes, cell membrane-coated nanostructures, and exosomes, have demonstrated promising anticancer therapeutic effects. These nanostructures possess remarkable biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and low toxicity. However, their therapeutic efficacy is impeded by chemoresistance and radiotherapy resistance, which are closely associated with autophagy. Modulating autophagy could enhance the therapeutic sensitivity and effectiveness of these biomembrane nanostructures by influencing the immune system and the cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy can regulate the immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and macrophage polarization, thereby activating the inflammatory response in the cancer microenvironment. Furthermore, combining autophagy-regulating drugs or genes with biomembrane nanostructures can exploit the targeting and long-term circulation properties of these nanostructures, leading to increased drug accumulation in cancer cells. This review explores the role of autophagy in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, cancer immune responses, and resistance to treatment. Additionally, it highlights recent research advancements in the synergistic anticancer effects achieved through autophagy regulation by biomembrane nanostructures. The review also discusses the prospects and challenges associated with the future clinical translation of these innovative treatment strategies. In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into autophagy, autophagy-modulating biomembrane-based nanostructures, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby facilitating the development of promising cancer therapeutics.
最近，生物膜纳米结构，如脂质体、细胞膜包覆的纳米结构和外泌体，已显示出有希望的抗癌治疗效果。这些纳米结构具有显著的生物相容性、多功能性和低毒性。然而，它们的治疗效果受到化学抗性和放射抗性的阻碍，而这些与自噬密切相关。通过影响免疫系统和癌症微环境，调节自噬可以增强这些生物膜纳米结构的治疗敏感性和效果。例如，自噬可以调节癌细胞的免疫原性细胞死亡、树突状细胞的抗原呈递和巨噬细胞极化，从而激活癌症微环境中的炎症反应。此外，将自噬调节药物或基因与生物膜纳米结构结合使用，可以利用这些纳米结构的靶向和长期循环特性，导致药物在癌细胞中的积累增加。本综述探讨了自噬在致癌作用、癌症进展、转移、癌症免疫反应以及对治疗的抵抗中的作用。此外，还强调了最近在通过生物膜纳米结构调节自噬来实现协同抗癌效果方面的研究进展。该综述还讨论了这些创新治疗策略未来临床转化所面临的前景和挑战。总之，这些发现为自噬、自噬调节生物膜纳米结构和潜在的分子机制提供了有价值的见解，从而促进了有前途的癌症治疗方法的发展。
