Fry H J
Br J Ind Med. 1987 Jan;44(1):35-40. doi: 10.1136/oem.44.1.35.
Overuse (injury) syndrome, common in musicians, is characterised by persisting pain and tenderness in the muscles and joint ligaments of the upper limb due to excessive use and in more advanced instances by weakness and loss of response and control in the affected muscle groups. This occurs typically in tertiary music students when their practice load is raised. In seven Australian performing music schools the minimum prevalence of the condition was found to be 9.3%. In two music schools where the study was more controlled the incidences were 13% and 21%. The factors leading to overuse (injury) syndrome may be identified as follows: the genetic factor of vulnerability which cannot be altered; the student's technique which may be influenced by teaching and application so that it is more "energy efficient"; and the time X intensity of practice which is totally within the student's control. Prevention involves education of staff and students about the overuse process, rationalisation of practice habits and repertoire, abolition or reduction of static loading of the weight of the instruments, and earlier reporting when the problem is most easily corrected. Psychological problems arising in this syndrome appeared to occur as a reaction to the condition rather than as a causal factor.
过度使用（损伤）综合征在音乐家中很常见，其特征是由于过度使用，上肢肌肉和关节韧带持续疼痛和压痛，在更严重的情况下，受影响的肌肉群会出现无力以及反应和控制能力丧失。这种情况通常发生在高等音乐专业学生练习量增加时。在澳大利亚的七所音乐表演学校中，发现这种情况的最低患病率为9.3%。在两所研究控制更严格的音乐学校中，发病率分别为13%和21%。导致过度使用（损伤）综合征的因素可确定如下：无法改变的易患遗传因素；学生的技术，可通过教学和应用加以影响，使其更“节能”；以及练习的时间×强度，这完全在学生的控制范围内。预防措施包括对教职员工和学生进行关于过度使用过程的教育，使练习习惯和曲目合理化，消除或减少乐器重量的静态负荷，以及在问题最容易纠正时尽早报告。这种综合征中出现的心理问题似乎是对病情的反应，而不是病因。
