College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
Int Microbiol. 2024 Aug;27(4):1181-1193. doi: 10.1007/s10123-023-00467-6. Epub 2023 Dec 26.
Candida albicans is one of the most common species of Candida, which cause various mucosal and systemic infectious diseases. However, the resistance rate to existing clinical antifungal drugs gradually increases in C. albicans. Therefore, new antifungal drugs must be developed to solve the current problem. This study discovered that the solid fermented ethyl acetate crude extract of Microporus vernicipes had inhibitory activity on C. albicans. This study determined that the Mv5 components had significantly inhibited the activity of C. albicans using column chromatography separation component screening. The components included 23 compounds of fatty acids and their derivatives, alkaloids, phenols, and other classes using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) analysis, with fatty acids constituting the primary components. The mechanism of action showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Mv5 components against C. albicans was 15.63 μg/mL, while minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 31.25 μg/mL. Mv5 components can inhibit the early biofilm formation and destroy the mature biofilm structure. It can inhibit the germ tube growth of C. albicans, thereby inhibiting the transformation of yeast morphology to hyphae. We detected 193 differentially expressed genes, including 156 upregulated and 37 downregulated genes in the Mv5 components of the MIC concentration group. We detected 391 differentially expressed genes, including 334 upregulated and 57 downregulated expression genes in the MFC concentration group. Among these differentially expressed genes, the genes related to mycelium and biofilm formation were significantly downregulated. GO enrichment analysis presented that single-organism process metabolic process, and cellular processes were the biological processes with the most gene enrichment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)of Mv5 components were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, such as meiosis yeast and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, it is believed that the fermentation extract of M. vernicipes inhibits C. albicans, which can provide clues for developing effective antifungal drugs.
白色念珠菌是念珠菌属中最常见的物种之一，可引起各种黏膜和系统性感染性疾病。然而，白色念珠菌对现有临床抗真菌药物的耐药率逐渐升高。因此，必须开发新的抗真菌药物来解决当前的问题。本研究发现毛韧革菌固态发酵乙酸乙酯粗提物对白色念珠菌具有抑制活性。本研究通过柱层析分离成分筛选，确定 Mv5 成分对白色念珠菌的活性有明显抑制作用。使用超高效液相色谱串联高分辨率质谱（UHPLC-HR-MS）分析，确定 Mv5 成分包含 23 种脂肪酸及其衍生物、生物碱、酚类等类别的化合物，其中脂肪酸构成主要成分。作用机制表明，Mv5 成分对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为 15.63μg/mL，最低杀菌浓度（MFC）为 31.25μg/mL。Mv5 成分能抑制早期生物膜形成，破坏成熟生物膜结构。能抑制白色念珠菌的芽管生长，从而抑制酵母形态向菌丝的转化。我们检测到 193 个差异表达基因，其中 MIC 浓度组 Mv5 成分有 156 个上调和 37 个下调基因。在 MFC 浓度组中检测到 391 个差异表达基因，其中 334 个上调和 57 个下调表达基因。在这些差异表达基因中，与菌丝和生物膜形成相关的基因明显下调。GO 富集分析显示，生物过程中最具基因富集的是单一生物体过程、代谢过程和细胞过程。KEGG 代谢途径中，毛韧革菌的 Mv5 成分主要富集在减数分裂酵母和氨基酸代谢等途径。因此，认为毛韧革菌发酵提取物能抑制白色念珠菌，为开发有效抗真菌药物提供线索。
