Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Department of Quantitative Health Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Dec 12;13:1229035. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229035. eCollection 2023.
The reduced effectiveness of standard-dose influenza vaccines in persons ≥65 years of age led to the preferential recommendation to use high-dose (HDFlu) or MF59-adjuvanted (MF59Flu) vaccines for this age group. Sleep is an important modulator of immune responses to vaccines and poor sleep health is common in older adults. However, potential effects of poor sleep health on immune responses to influenza vaccination in older adults remain largely unknown.
We conducted a cohort study of 210 healthy participants age ≥65 years, who received either seasonal high-dose (HDFlu) or MF59-adjuvanted (MF59Flu) influenza vaccine. We assessed sleep characteristics in this cohort by standardized questionnaires and measured the antibody titer against influenza A/H3N2 virus in serum of study participants by hemagglutination inhibition assay on the day of immunization and 28 days thereafter. We then assessed the association between sleep characteristics and antibody titers.
Our results demonstrated that male, but not female, study participants with excessive daytime sleepiness had an impaired influenza A/H3N2-specific antibody response at Day 28 post-vaccination. No other associations were found between antibody titer and other sleep characteristics, including sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea.
Our results provide an additional and easily measured variable explaining poor vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Our results support that gaining sufficient sleep is a simple non-vaccine interventional approach to improve influenza immune responses in older adults. Our findings extend the literature on the negative influence of excessive daytime sleepiness on immune responses to influenza vaccination in older male adults.
标准剂量流感疫苗在≥65 岁人群中的效力降低，导致优先推荐使用高剂量（HDFlu）或 MF59 佐剂（MF59Flu）疫苗。睡眠是影响疫苗免疫反应的重要调节剂，老年人的睡眠健康状况较差。然而，睡眠健康状况不佳对老年人流感疫苗免疫反应的潜在影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。
我们对 210 名≥65 岁的健康参与者进行了队列研究，他们接种了季节性高剂量（HDFlu）或 MF59 佐剂（MF59Flu）流感疫苗。我们通过标准化问卷评估了该队列的睡眠特征，并通过血凝抑制试验在免疫接种当天和之后 28 天测量研究参与者血清中针对甲型流感病毒/H3N2 的抗体滴度。然后，我们评估了睡眠特征与抗体滴度之间的关联。
我们的结果表明，白天嗜睡过多的男性研究参与者，而非女性研究参与者，在接种后第 28 天的甲型流感病毒/H3N2 特异性抗体反应受损。其他睡眠特征，包括睡眠质量和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，与抗体滴度之间没有其他关联。
我们的结果提供了一个额外的、易于测量的变量，解释了老年人疫苗效力不佳的原因。我们的结果支持充足的睡眠是改善老年人流感免疫反应的一种简单的非疫苗干预方法。我们的发现扩展了关于白天嗜睡过多对老年男性流感疫苗免疫反应的负面影响的文献。
