State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2023 Dec;28:277-285. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2023-28-277-285.
In recent decades, several large-scale epidemiological surveys of the eyes have been conducted to determine the global prevalence of retinal degenerative diseases (for example, the Blue Mountains Eye Study). The results of such studies were evaluated several decades, and the studies themselves required significant material resources. Such large-scale projects have not been carried out in Ukraine.Objective of the work is to study the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a pilot group of non-irradiated persons of working age to determine the suitability of using the results for further epidemiological studies in Ukraine.
A retrospective-prospective analysis of the prevalence of degenerative diseases of the retina in a pilot group of persons who underwent an in-depth examination, as they claimed to participate in works in harmful conditions (with ionizing radiation) was carried out. The results of primary ophthalmological examinations of 1,064 people, conducted between January 18, 2007 and October 29, 2009, were randomly selected. The age of the examinees at the time of examination ranged from 18.94 to 67.49 years, the number of persons aged 18 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 years was approximately the same. The results of a standardized ophthalmological examination were used.
In the pilot group of people in working age, the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration was 196.4 per 1,000 people. Hazard analysis showed that the relative risk of age-related macular degeneration increased with age and was 1.14 (95% CI 1.07-1.21) for individuals aged 30-39 years; in comparison with persons under the age of 30; 1.3 (95% CI 1.21-1.41) - for persons aged 40-49; 1.3 (95% CI 1.18-1.52) - for persons aged 50-59; 1.86 (95% CI 1.0-3.47) - for persons over 60 years of age. The odds ratio (OR) of having age-related macular degeneration for those aged 30-39 years compared with those younger than 30 years was 3.04 (95% CI 1.79-5.15); for persons aged 40-49 years - 5.49 (95% CI 3.31-9.09); for persons aged 50-59 years - 6.04 (95% CI 3.36-10.88); for persons aged 50-59 years - 6.04 (95% CI 3.36-10.88) and for persons older than 60 years - 13.71 (95% CI 3.68-51.15), p in all cases < 0.0001.
It was established that the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in non-irradiated individuals determined in the pilot group was high and statistically significantly increased with age. It is shown that the results of primary ophthalmological examinations of a pilot group of persons who applied for participation in works in harmful conditions (with ionizing radiation) are suitable for epidemiological studies of the frequency and course of degenerative retinal diseases in persons of working age in Ukraine. The obtained results are important for practical medicine, as they will allow us to assess the prospects needs for medical care in the secondary and tertiary care.
目的是研究工作年龄人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率，以确定在乌克兰进行进一步流行病学研究的适宜性。
对一组声称参与危害工作（电离辐射）的人员进行了深入检查的飞行员进行了退行性视网膜疾病患病率的回顾性前瞻性分析。随机选择了 2007 年 1 月 18 日至 2009 年 10 月 29 日期间进行的 1064 名人员的初步眼科检查结果。检查者的年龄在检查时为 18.94 至 67.49 岁，年龄在 18 至 30 岁、30 至 40 岁和 40 至 50 岁的人数大致相同。使用了标准化的眼科检查结果。
在工作年龄的飞行员组中，年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率为每 1000 人中有 196.4 人。危害分析表明，年龄相关性黄斑变性的相对风险随年龄增加而增加，对于 30-39 岁的个体，为 1.14（95%CI 1.07-1.21）；与 30 岁以下的人相比；对于 40-49 岁的人，为 1.3（95%CI 1.21-1.41）；对于 50-59 岁的人，为 1.3（95%CI 1.18-1.52）；对于 60 岁以上的人，为 1.86（95%CI 1.0-3.47）。与 30-39 岁的人相比，30-39 岁的人的年龄相关性黄斑变性的优势比（OR）为 3.04（95%CI 1.79-5.15）；对于 40-49 岁的人，为 5.49（95%CI 3.31-9.09）；对于 50-59 岁的人，为 6.04（95%CI 3.36-10.88）；对于 50-59 岁的人，为 6.04（95%CI 3.36-10.88），对于 60 岁以上的人，为 13.71（95%CI 3.68-51.15），p 在所有情况下均<0.0001。
研究发现，在飞行员组中确定的非照射个体的年龄相关性黄斑变性患病率较高，并且随年龄增长呈统计学显著增加。研究表明，在申请参与危害工作（电离辐射）的飞行员组进行的初步眼科检查结果适用于乌克兰工作年龄人群退行性视网膜疾病的频率和过程的流行病学研究。获得的结果对实践医学很重要，因为它们将使我们能够评估二级和三级保健中医疗保健的前景需求。
