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城市绿化是否能减少加拿大中老年人的孤独感和社会隔离感?对加拿大老龄化纵向研究(CLSA)中中年和老年人的横断面研究。

Does urban greenness reduce loneliness and social isolation among Canadians? A cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

机构信息

Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Can J Public Health. 2024 Apr;115(2):282-295. doi: 10.17269/s41997-023-00841-x. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Urban greenness has been shown to confer many health benefits including reduced risks of chronic disease, depression, anxiety, and, in a limited number of studies, loneliness. In this first Canadian study on this topic, we investigated associations between residential surrounding greenness and loneliness and social isolation among older adults.

METHODS

This cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging included 26,811 urban participants between 45 and 86 years of age. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a measure of greenness, was assigned to participants' residential addresses using a buffer distance of 500 m. We evaluated associations between the NDVI and (i) self-reported loneliness using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, (ii) whether participants reported "feeling lonely living in the local area", and (iii) social isolation. Logistic regression models were used to characterize associations between greenness and loneliness/social isolation while adjusting for individual socio-economic and health behaviours.

RESULTS

Overall, 10.8% of participants perceived being lonely, while 6.5% reported "feeling lonely in their local area". Furthermore, 16.2% of participants were characterized as being socially isolated. In adjusted models, we observed no statistically significant difference (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.04) in self-reported loneliness in relation to an interquartile range (IQR) increase of NDVI (0.06). However, for the same change in greenness, there was a 15% (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.72-0.99) reduced risk for participants who strongly agreed with "feeling lonely living in the local area". For social isolation, for an IQR increase in the NDVI, we observed a 7% (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.97) reduction in prevalence.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that urban greenness plays a role in reducing loneliness and social isolation among Canadian urbanites.

摘要

目的

城市绿化已被证明对健康有许多益处,包括降低患慢性病、抑郁症、焦虑症的风险,在少数研究中还能降低孤独感。在本项加拿大首次针对该主题的研究中,我们调查了老年人居住环境的绿化程度与孤独感和社会隔离之间的关系。

方法

本项基于加拿大老龄化纵向研究的横断面分析纳入了 26811 名年龄在 45 岁至 86 岁之间的城市居民。采用 500 米缓冲区的方法,将归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)这一绿化指标分配给参与者的居住地址。我们评估了 NDVI 与以下指标之间的相关性:(i)使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评估的孤独感自评,(ii)参与者报告的“居住在当地感到孤独”,以及(iii)社会隔离。使用逻辑回归模型来描述绿化与孤独/社会隔离之间的关系,同时调整了个体的社会经济和健康行为因素。

结果

总体而言,有 10.8%的参与者感到孤独,6.5%的参与者报告“居住在当地感到孤独”。此外,有 16.2%的参与者被认定为社会隔离。在调整后的模型中,我们观察到孤独感自评与 NDVI 增加一个四分位距(0.06)之间没有统计学上的显著差异(比值比(OR)=0.99;95%置信区间(CI)0.93-1.04)。然而,对于相同的绿化变化,对于强烈同意“居住在当地感到孤独”的参与者,其风险降低了 15%(OR=0.85;95%CI 0.72-0.99)。对于社会隔离,NDVI 的四分位距增加一个单位,社会隔离的患病率降低了 7%(OR=0.93;95%CI 0.88-0.97)。

结论

我们的研究结果表明,城市绿化在降低加拿大城市居民的孤独感和社会隔离方面发挥了作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d59c/11006650/a5680bc182b0/41997_2023_841_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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