Lovett M W
Child Dev. 1987 Feb;58(1):234-60.
The constructs of accuracy and speed were adopted as performance criteria against which to define 2 clinical samples of disabled readers. Accuracy-disabled subjects had failed to achieve reliable age-appropriate word recognition skills. Rate-disabled readers were age-appropriate in word recognition accuracy but deficient in reading speed. These disabled readers were compared to fluent normal children selected to be reading at the same level of accuracy as the rate-disabled subjects but at a significantly faster rate. All aspects of the accuracy-disabled subjects' reading systems proved deficient, and these children were less able to learn new sound-symbol associations in a task simulating initial reading acquisition. The rate-disabled subjects exhibited a basic deficit in word recognition speed, compromised accuracy when reading in context, and compromised spelling when competing visual patterns were available. A multidimensional oral language impairment was found to accompany the accuracy disability, while the rate disability appeared restricted to language in its visible form and the naming of visual representations. A visual naming speed impairment was associated with both profiles of deficient reading skill.
准确性和速度这两个指标被用作绩效标准，据此定义了两类阅读障碍的临床样本。准确性障碍受试者未能掌握与年龄相符的可靠单词识别技能。速度障碍读者在单词识别准确性上与年龄相符，但阅读速度不足。将这些阅读障碍读者与流利的正常儿童进行比较，这些正常儿童在准确性水平上与速度障碍受试者相同，但阅读速度明显更快。准确性障碍受试者阅读系统的各个方面都被证明存在缺陷，并且这些儿童在模拟初始阅读习得的任务中学习新的音素-符号关联的能力较弱。速度障碍受试者在单词识别速度上存在基本缺陷，在语境阅读时准确性受损，在有竞争视觉模式时拼写也会受到影响。发现准确性障碍伴有多维度的口语损伤，而速度障碍在其可见形式和视觉表征命名方面似乎仅限于语言。视觉命名速度损伤与两种阅读技能缺陷的表现都有关联。
