Fahrenholtz Ida Lysdahl, Melin Anna Katarina, Garthe Ina, Wasserfurth Paulina, Ivarsson Andreas, Hollekim-Strand Siri Marte, Koehler Karsten, Logue Danielle, Madigan Sharon, Gräfnings Maria, Torstveit Monica K
Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö/Kalmar, Sweden.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Dec 18;5:1254210. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1254210. eCollection 2023.
Female endurance athletes are at high risk for developing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), resulting in symptoms such as menstrual dysfunction and gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The primary aim of this study was to investigate effects of the FUEL (Food and nUtrition for Endurance athletes-a Learning program) intervention consisting of weekly online lectures combined with individual athlete-centered nutrition counseling every other week for sixteen weeks on REDs related symptoms in female endurance athletes at risk of low energy availability [Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) score ≥8]. Female endurance athletes from Norway (= 60), Sweden (= 84), Ireland (= 17), and Germany (= 47) were recruited. Fifty athletes with risk of REDs (LEAF-Q score ≥8) and with low risk of eating disorders [Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global score <2.5], with no use of hormonal contraceptives and no chronic diseases, were allocated to either the FUEL intervention (= 32) (FUEL) or a sixteen-week control period (= 18) (CON). All but one completed FUEL and = 15 completed CON. While no evidence for difference in change in LEAF-Q total or subscale scores between groups was detected post-intervention (BF < 1), the 6- and 12-months follow-up revealed strong evidence for improved LEAF-Q total (BF = 123) and menstrual score (BF = 840) and weak evidence for improved GI-score (BF = 2.3) among FUEL athletes. In addition, differences in change between groups was found for EDE-Q global score post-intervention (BF= 1.9). The reduction in EDE-Q score remained at 6- and 12- months follow-up among FUEL athletes. Therefore, the FUEL intervention may improve REDs related symptoms in female endurance athletes.
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04959565).
女性耐力运动员患运动性相对能量缺乏症（REDs）的风险很高，会出现月经功能紊乱和胃肠道（GI）问题等症状。本研究的主要目的是调查FUEL（耐力运动员的食物和营养——一个学习项目）干预措施的效果，该干预措施包括每周一次在线讲座，每隔一周进行一次以运动员个体为中心的营养咨询，为期16周，对有低能量可利用风险的女性耐力运动员（女性低能量可利用问卷（LEAF-Q）评分≥8）的REDs相关症状的影响。招募了来自挪威（=60人）、瑞典（=84人）、爱尔兰（=17人）和德国（=47人）的女性耐力运动员。50名有REDs风险（LEAF-Q评分≥8）且饮食失调风险低（饮食失调检查问卷（EDE-Q）全球评分<2.5）、未使用激素避孕药且无慢性病的运动员被分配到FUEL干预组（=32人）（FUEL）或为期16周的对照组（=18人）（CON）。除一人外，所有FUEL组运动员均完成干预，对照组有15人完成。虽然干预后未发现两组之间LEAF-Q总分或子量表评分变化存在差异的证据（贝叶斯因子<1），但6个月和12个月的随访显示，有强有力的证据表明FUEL组运动员的LEAF-Q总分（贝叶斯因子=123）和月经评分（贝叶斯因子=840）有所改善，有微弱的证据表明胃肠道评分（贝叶斯因子=2.3）有所改善。此外，干预后两组之间EDE-Q全球评分的变化存在差异（贝叶斯因子=1.9）。FUEL组运动员在6个月和12个月随访时EDE-Q评分仍持续降低。因此，FUEL干预可能会改善女性耐力运动员的REDs相关症状。
