Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Food Funct. 2024 Jan 22;15(2):569-579. doi: 10.1039/d3fo03673a.
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification (DM) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) expressing low and high levels of TLR2. It also studies the influence of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) which may be enhanced in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome on the inflammation-attenuating effects of pectins. Also, it examines the impact of pectins on tight junction gene expression in IECs. Lemon pectins with DM18 and DM88 were characterized, and their effects on TLR2-1-induced gene expression and secretion were investigated in low-TLR2 expressing Caco-2 and high-TLR2 expressing DLD-1 cells. The results demonstrate that both DM18 and DM88 pectins can counteract TLR2-1-induced IL-8 expression and secretion, with more pronounced effects observed in DLD-1 cells expressing high levels of TLR2. Furthermore, the presence of sTLR2 does not interfere with the attenuating effects of low DM18 pectin and may even support its anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. The impact of pectins and sTLR2 on tight junction gene expression also demonstrates cell-type-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that low DM pectins possess potent anti-inflammatory properties and may influence tight junction gene expression in IECs, thereby contributing to the maintenance of gut homeostasis.
本研究探讨了不同酯化度（DM）的果胶对低水平和高水平 TLR2 表达的肠上皮细胞（IEC）的抗炎作用。还研究了可能在炎症性肠病患者中增强的可溶性 TLR2（sTLR2）对果胶抗炎作用的影响。同时，还研究了果胶对 IEC 中紧密连接基因表达的影响。对 DM18 和 DM88 的柠檬果胶进行了表征，并在低 TLR2 表达的 Caco-2 和高 TLR2 表达的 DLD-1 细胞中研究了它们对 TLR2-1 诱导的基因表达和分泌的影响。结果表明，DM18 和 DM88 果胶都可以拮抗 TLR2-1 诱导的 IL-8 表达和分泌，在表达高水平 TLR2 的 DLD-1 细胞中效果更为显著。此外，sTLR2 的存在并不干扰低 DM18 果胶的减弱作用，甚至可能在 Caco-2 细胞中支持其抗炎作用。果胶和 sTLR2 对紧密连接基因表达的影响也显示出细胞类型依赖性的作用。总的来说，这些发现表明低 DM 果胶具有强大的抗炎特性，并可能影响 IEC 中紧密连接基因的表达，从而有助于维持肠道内稳态。
