College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Jan 3;19(1):e0295821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295821. eCollection 2024.
A growing body of research has demonstrated extensive mental health disparities affecting sexual minority populations, yet little research has assessed how these disparities may affect cognitive functioning among subgroups of sexual minorities.
Data come from the 2021 National Health Information Survey (NHIS). Survey-weighted linear regression analyses were used to assess self-reported measures of cognition, stratified by subgroups sexual identity. In particular, we focused on the association between symptoms of depression or anxiety and each of the measures of cognition, adjusting for demographic covariates.
Among 31,994 NHIS participants in the 2021 survey, 5,658 (17.7%) reported at least some difficulty in remembering or concentrating. Basic demographic differences existed when assessing any cognitive difficulty, particularly for bisexual participants (aOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 2.07, 3.60) and participants identifying as a different identity (aOR = 4.22; 95% CI: 2.72, 6.56). Depression was significantly associated with cognitive difficulty with the largest relationship observed among gay/lesbian participants (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49). The association between anxiety and cognitive difficulty was smallest among bisexuals (aOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.18) and relatively consistent across other subgroups: heterosexuals (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.24), gay/lesbians (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.36), and those with a different identity (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35).
There is a clear set of health disparities between sexual minority subgroups and heterosexuals across all cognitive difficulties. Future research should focus on developing a better understanding of differences in cognition based on sexual minority status while also working to ascertain how disparities vary among sexual minorities.
越来越多的研究表明，性少数群体存在广泛的心理健康差异，但几乎没有研究评估这些差异如何影响性少数群体亚群的认知功能。
数据来自 2021 年国家健康信息调查（NHIS）。使用调查加权线性回归分析评估了认知的自我报告测量结果，按性身份亚组进行分层。特别是，我们关注了抑郁或焦虑症状与每种认知测量之间的关联，同时调整了人口统计学协变量。
在 2021 年调查中的 31994 名 NHIS 参与者中，有 5658 人（17.7%）报告至少在记忆或集中注意力方面存在一些困难。在评估任何认知困难时，基本的人口统计学差异存在，特别是对于双性恋参与者（优势比[aOR]=2.73；95%置信区间[CI]：2.07，3.60）和不同身份认同的参与者（aOR=4.22；95% CI：2.72，6.56）。抑郁与认知困难显著相关，其中观察到同性恋/双性恋参与者的关系最大（aOR=1.39；95% CI：1.29，1.49）。焦虑与认知困难之间的关联在双性恋者中最小（aOR=1.13；95% CI：1.08，1.18），并且在其他亚组中相对一致：异性恋者（aOR=1.23；95% CI：1.22，1.24），同性恋/双性恋者（aOR=1.27；95% CI：1.19，1.36）和不同身份认同者（aOR=1.22；95% CI：1.10，1.35）。
在所有认知困难方面，性少数亚群与异性恋者之间存在明显的健康差异。未来的研究应重点关注在性少数群体地位的基础上更好地理解认知差异，同时努力确定这些差异在性少数群体中的变化。
