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一种潜在的抗联和氰化物中毒解毒剂。

A Potential Antidote for Both Azide and Cyanide Poisonings.

机构信息

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

出版信息

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2024 Jan 17;388(2):596-604. doi: 10.1124/jpet.123.001719.

Abstract

There do not appear to be any established therapeutics for treating azide poisoning at this time, and presently available antidotes to cyanide poisoning are far from ideal, being particularly impractical for use if multiple victims present. The cobalt (II/III) complex of the Schiff-base ligand -[14]-diene (5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene (CoN[14]) is shown to act as an effective antidote to both azide and cyanide toxicity in mice. Groups of animals challenged with an LD dose of NaCN (100 µmol/kg i.p.) exhibited significantly faster recovery from knockdown and fewer (zero) deaths if given CoN[14] (50 μmol/kg i.p.) 2 minutes after the toxicant. Groups of animals challenged with an essentially lethal dose of NaCN (1.5 x LD = 150 µmol/kg i.p.) all survived if given the CoN[14] (75 μmol/kg i.p.) 5 minutes before the toxicant dose. These data represent improved antidotal capability over the Food and Drug Administration-approved cobalt-based cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin. Recovery of animals challenged sublethally with NaN (415 μmol/kg i.p.) was assessed employing a modified pole-climbing test. Mice given the CoN[14] antidote (70 μg/kg i.p.) 5 minutes after the toxicant dose recovered twice as fast as the controls given no antidote. The interactions of cyanide and azide with CoN[14] in vitro (buffered aqueous solutions) have been further investigated by a combination of spectroscopic approaches. The Co(II) form of the complex is able to bind two CN anions while only binding a single N , providing a reasonable explanation for the difference between their therapeutic abilities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The Schiff-base complex CoN[14] is shown to be an effective antidote to cyanide in mice, with improved therapeutic capabilities compared to the Food and Drug Administration-approved cobalt-containing hydroxocobalamin. CoN[14] is also antidotal in mice toward azide poisoning, for which there is seemingly no approved therapy currently available. The activity toward cyanide involves a "redox-switching" mechanism that could be a common, but largely unrecognized, feature of all cobalt-based cyanide antidotes in use and under development.

摘要

目前似乎没有针对治疗叠氮化物中毒的既定疗法,而现有的氰化物解毒剂远非理想,尤其是在出现多个受害者的情况下,实际上并不实用。席夫碱配体-[14]-二烯(5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-4,11-二烯(CoN[14])的钴(II/III)配合物已被证明可有效对抗小鼠的叠氮化物和氰化物毒性。用 LD 剂量 NaCN(100 µmol/kg i.p.)挑战的动物组,如果在有毒物质后 2 分钟给予 CoN[14](50 μmol/kg i.p.),则从击倒中恢复的速度明显更快,并且死亡人数更少(为零)。用实质上致命剂量的 NaCN(1.5 x LD = 150 µmol/kg i.p.)挑战的动物组,如果在有毒物质剂量前 5 分钟给予 CoN[14](75 μmol/kg i.p.),则全部存活。这些数据代表了对食品和药物管理局批准的基于钴的氰化物解毒剂羟钴胺的解毒能力的改善。用改良的爬杆试验评估了用亚致死剂量 NaN(415 μmol/kg i.p.)挑战的动物的恢复情况。在给予有毒物质后 5 分钟给予 CoN[14]解毒剂(70 μg/kg i.p.)的小鼠恢复速度是未给予解毒剂的对照组的两倍。体外(缓冲水溶液)中氰化物和叠氮化物与 CoN[14]的相互作用进一步通过光谱方法的组合进行了研究。该络合物的 Co(II)形式能够结合两个 CN 阴离子,而仅结合单个 N ,这为它们的治疗能力之间的差异提供了合理的解释。意义声明:席夫碱配合物 CoN[14]被证明是一种有效的氰化物解毒剂,在治疗效果方面优于食品和药物管理局批准的含钴羟钴胺。CoN[14]对小鼠的叠氮化物中毒也具有解毒作用,目前似乎没有批准的治疗方法。对氰化物的活性涉及“氧化还原开关”机制,这可能是所有正在使用和开发的基于钴的氰化物解毒剂的共同但尚未被广泛认识的特征。

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