School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China.
Int J Biometeorol. 2024 Apr;68(4):691-700. doi: 10.1007/s00484-023-02615-z. Epub 2024 Jan 6.
Meteorological factors and air pollutants are associated with the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), but few studies have examined the effects of their interactions on PTB. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants and their interactions on the risk of PTB in Urumqi, a city with a high prevalence of PTB and a high level of air pollution. The number of new PTB cases in eight districts of Urumqi from 2014 to 2019 was collected, along with data on meteorological factors and air pollutants for the same period. A generalized additive model was applied to explore the effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants and their interactions on the risk of PTB incidence. Segmented linear regression was used to estimate the nonlinear characteristics of the impact of meteorological factors on PTB. During 2014-2019, a total of 14,402 new cases of PTB were reported in eight districts, with March to May being the months of high PTB incidence. The exposure-response curves for temperature (Temp), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), air pressure (AP), and diurnal temperature difference (DTR) were generally inverted "U" shaped, with the corresponding threshold values of - 5.411 °C, 52.118%, 3.513 m/s, 1021.625 hPa, and 8.161 °C, respectively. The effects of air pollutants on PTB were linear and lagged. All air pollutants were positively associated with PTB, except for O, which was not associated with PTB, and the ER values for the effects on PTB were as follows: 0.931 (0.255, 1.612) for PM, 1.028 (0.301, 1.760) for PM, 5.061 (0.387, 9.952) for SO, 2.830 (0.512, 5.200) for NO, and 5.789 (1.508, 10.251) for CO. Meteorological factors and air pollutants have an interactive effect on PTB. The risk of PTB incidence was higher when in high Temp-high air pollutant, high RH-high air pollutant, high WS-high air pollutant, lowAP-high air pollutant, and high DTR-high air pollutant. In conclusion, both meteorological and pollutant factors had an influence on PTB, and the influence on PTB may have an interaction.
气象因素和空气污染物与肺结核（PTB）的传播有关，但很少有研究探讨它们相互作用对 PTB 的影响。因此，本研究调查了气象因素和空气污染物及其相互作用对乌鲁木齐市 PTB 风险的影响，乌鲁木齐市是一个 PTB 高发和空气污染水平高的城市。收集了 2014 年至 2019 年乌鲁木齐市 8 个区的新 PTB 病例数以及同期的气象因素和空气污染物数据。应用广义加性模型探讨气象因素和空气污染物及其相互作用对 PTB 发病率的影响。采用分段线性回归估计气象因素对 PTB 影响的非线性特征。2014-2019 年，8 个区共报告 14402 例新 PTB 病例，3 月至 5 月为高发月份。温度（Temp）、相对湿度（RH）、风速（WS）、气压（AP）和日较差（DTR）的暴露-反应曲线呈倒“U”型，相应的阈值分别为-5.411°C、52.118%、3.513 m/s、1021.625 hPa 和 8.161°C。空气污染物对 PTB 的影响呈线性和滞后性。所有空气污染物与 PTB 呈正相关，除 O 外，O 与 PTB 无相关性，对 PTB 影响的 ER 值分别为：PM 为 0.931（0.255，1.612）、PM 为 1.028（0.301，1.760）、SO 为 5.061（0.387，9.952）、NO 为 2.830（0.512，5.200）和 CO 为 5.789（1.508，10.251）。气象因素和空气污染物对 PTB 具有交互作用。当高温-高空气污染物、高 RH-高空气污染物、高 WS-高空气污染物、低 AP-高空气污染物和高 DTR-高空气污染物同时存在时，PTB 发病率的风险更高。总之，气象因素和污染物因素都对 PTB 有影响，对 PTB 的影响可能存在相互作用。
