Trudeau M D
J Commun Disord. 1987 Feb;20(1):41-9. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(87)90042-6.
Thirteen esophageal speakers (8 male, 5 female) and 12 tracheoesophageal (t-e) speakers (7 male, 5 female) were placed into eight groups based on gender, voice type, and speaking proficiency (excellent or good). Audio recordings of each speaker reading the Rainbow Passage (Fairbanks, 1960) were made. The resultant samples were judged for acceptability of speech by 25 naive listeners trained in use of a five-point equal-appearing-interval scale. An analysis of variance of the listener data indicated that speaker proficiency but not voice type had a significant effect on judgments of acceptability, indicating that the listeners perceived no difference in the acceptability of esophageal and t-e speech.
13名食管发声者（8名男性，5名女性）和12名气管食管（t - e）发声者（7名男性，5名女性）根据性别、嗓音类型和说话熟练度（优秀或良好）被分成八组。录制了每位发声者朗读《彩虹篇章》（费尔班克斯，1960年）的音频。25名未经过专业训练的听众使用五点等距量表对所得样本的语音可接受性进行评判。对听众数据的方差分析表明，发声者的熟练度而非嗓音类型对可接受性评判有显著影响，这表明听众认为食管发声和t - e发声的可接受性没有差异。
