The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Curr Drug Targets. 2024;25(3):158-170. doi: 10.2174/0113894501278292231223035733.
Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects. The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system. Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.
胆汁酸在人体中发挥着重要作用，其池中的变化可用作各种肝病理的标志物。除了在调节炎症反应和细胞存活能力方面的功能作用外，胆汁酸的未结合或结合、次级或初级性质决定了其各种配体效应。常见的亲水性胆汁酸已成功用作局部治疗，以解决药物引起的细胞损伤或改善听力损失。从各种文献参考文献来看，胆汁酸显示出浓度和组织依赖性效应。一些疏水性胆汁酸作为配体调节维生素 D 受体、毒蕈碱受体和钙激活钾通道，这些都是内耳系统中的重要蛋白。目前，用于研究胆汁酸对听力损失的治疗效果的资源有限，关于检测远程耳系统中胆汁酸的信息很少，更不用说基础胆汁酸水平及其在健康和疾病条件下的普遍性了。本综述介绍了亲水性和疏水性人胆汁酸及其在调节细胞完整性方面的组织特异性作用，从而考虑了胆汁酸对内耳组织的可能作用和扩展的治疗适用性。
