Wu Yining, Wang Huan, Gao Zhongyan, Wang He, Zou Hongfei
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Management Bureau of Heilongjiang Zhalong National Reserve, Qiqihar 161005, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;14(1):3. doi: 10.3390/ani14010003.
The wild populations of red-crowned cranes () in west China are gradually decreasing, necessitating the optimization of reintroduction measures. This study used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to compare the gut microbiota communities of cranes living in two modes (captive and semi-free-range) before their reintroduction in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that Proteobacteria (74.39%) and Firmicutes (25.29%) were the dominant gut bacterial phyla inhabiting these cranes. Significant differences were found in the gut microbiota community composition between semi-free-range and captive cranes ( < 0.01). , , and were significantly enriched in captive cranes ( < 0.05), while , , , and were more abundant in semi-free-range cranes ( < 0.05). The functions and community structure of gut microbiota were affected by feeding patterns ( < 0.05). The metabolic pathways of ethylbenzene degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, betalain biosynthesis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and shigellosis were up-regulated in semi-free-range cranes < 0.05).
中国西部野生丹顶鹤种群数量正逐渐减少，因此有必要优化再引入措施。本研究运用16S rRNA高通量测序技术，对中国黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区内两种饲养模式（圈养和半散养）下的丹顶鹤在再引入前的肠道微生物群落进行了比较。结果表明，变形菌门（74.39%）和厚壁菌门（25.29%）是栖息于这些丹顶鹤体内的主要肠道细菌门类。半散养丹顶鹤和圈养丹顶鹤的肠道微生物群落组成存在显著差异（P<0.01）。在圈养丹顶鹤中，[具体菌属1]、[具体菌属2]和[具体菌属3]显著富集（P<0.05），而在半散养丹顶鹤中，[具体菌属4]、[具体菌属5]、[具体菌属6]和[具体菌属7]更为丰富（P<0.05）。肠道微生物群的功能和群落结构受饲养模式影响（P<0.05）。在半散养丹顶鹤中，乙苯降解代谢途径、PPAR信号通路、甜菜碱生物合成、系统性红斑狼疮和志贺氏菌病的代谢途径上调（P<0.05）。
