Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 25;16(1):66. doi: 10.3390/nu16010066.
There is rising interest globally with respect to the health implications of vegetarian or plant-based diets. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that higher consumption of plant-based foods and the nutrients found in vegetarian and plant-based diets are associated with numerous health benefits, including improved blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid levels, body mass index, and acid-base parameters. Furthermore, there has been increasing recognition that vegetarian and plant-based diets may have potential salutary benefits in preventing the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While increasing evidence shows that vegetarian and plant-based diets have nephroprotective effects, there remains some degree of uncertainty about their nutritional adequacy and safety in CKD (with respect to protein-energy wasting, hyperkalemia, etc.). In this review, we focus on the potential roles of and existing data on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of various vegetarian and plant-based diets in CKD, as well as their practical application in CKD management.
全球范围内，人们对素食或植物性饮食对健康的影响越来越感兴趣。越来越多的证据表明，更高的植物性食物和素食及植物性饮食中所含营养物质的摄入与许多健康益处相关，包括改善血压、血糖控制、血脂水平、体重指数和酸碱参数。此外，人们越来越认识到，素食和植物性饮食可能对预防慢性肾脏病（CKD）的发生和进展具有潜在的有益作用。尽管越来越多的证据表明素食和植物性饮食具有肾脏保护作用，但在 CKD 中，关于它们的营养充足性和安全性（与蛋白质能量消耗、高钾血症等有关）仍存在一定程度的不确定性。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注各种素食和植物性饮食在 CKD 中的潜在作用、现有数据及其疗效/有效性和安全性，以及它们在 CKD 管理中的实际应用。
