心血管疾病的分子治疗:小干扰 RNA 在动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭和高血压中的应用。

Molecular Therapies in Cardiovascular Diseases: Small Interfering RNA in Atherosclerosis, Heart Failure, and Hypertension.

机构信息

Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, ESH "Hypertension Excellence Centre", SISA LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy.

Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126 Ancona, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 26;25(1):328. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010328.

Abstract

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) represents a novel, fascinating therapeutic strategy that allows for selective reduction in the production of a specific protein through RNA interference. In the cardiovascular (CV) field, several siRNAs have been developed in the last decade. Inclisiran has been shown to significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) circulating levels with a reassuring safety profile, also in older patients, by hampering proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) production. Olpasiran, directed against apolipoprotein(a) mRNA, prevents the assembly of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particles, a lipoprotein linked to an increased risk of ischemic CV disease and heart valve damage. Patisiran, binding transthyretin (TTR) mRNA, has demonstrated an ability to improve heart failure and polyneuropathy in patients with TTR amyloidosis, even in older patients with wild-type form. Zilebesiran, designed to reduce angiotensinogen secretion, significantly decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Thanks to their effectiveness, safety, and tolerability profile, and with a very low number of administrations in a year, thus overcoming adherence issues, these novel drugs are the leaders of a new era in molecular therapies for CV diseases.

摘要

小干扰 RNA(siRNA)代表了一种新颖而引人注目的治疗策略,通过 RNA 干扰,可以选择性地降低特定蛋白质的产生。在心血管(CV)领域,过去十年中已经开发了几种 siRNA。依洛西单抗通过抑制前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/糜蛋白酶 9(PCSK9)的产生,显著降低了循环中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,且具有令人安心的安全性,在老年患者中也同样如此。奥帕西单抗针对载脂蛋白(a)mRNA,可阻止脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]颗粒的组装,Lp(a)与缺血性 CV 疾病和心脏瓣膜损伤的风险增加有关。帕替沙肽结合转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)mRNA,已证明能够改善 TTR 淀粉样变性患者的心力衰竭和多发性神经病,即使是野生型 TTR 的老年患者也是如此。齐拉西仑旨在减少血管紧张素原的分泌,显著降低收缩压和舒张压(BP)。由于这些新药具有疗效、安全性和耐受性良好的特点,且每年只需很少的给药次数,从而克服了患者的顺应性问题,它们引领了心血管疾病分子治疗的新时代。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0fe2/10778861/d2fc48026990/ijms-25-00328-g001.jpg

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