Alradwan Ibrahim, Al Fayez Nojoud, Alomary Mohammad N, Alshehri Abdullah A, Aodah Alhassan H, Almughem Fahad A, Alsulami Khulud A, Aldossary Ahmad M, Alawad Abdullah O, Tawfik Yahya M K, Tawfik Essam A
Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
Wellness and Preventative Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Aug 3;16(8):1037. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081037.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classed as diseases of aging, which are associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by such diseases and is considered as one of the leading causes of death globally, representing a severe health crisis affecting the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is described as a chronic condition that can lead to myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease and to date, most pharmacological therapies mainly aim to control risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Advances in transformative therapies and imaging diagnostics agents could shape the clinical applications of such approaches, including nanomedicine, biomaterials, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy, which are emerging and likely to significantly impact CVD management in the coming decade. This review summarizes the current anti-atherosclerotic therapies' major milestones, strengths, and limitations. It provides an overview of the recent discoveries and emerging technologies in nanomedicine, cell therapy, and gene and immune therapeutics that can revolutionize CVD clinical practice by steering it toward precision medicine. CVD-related clinical trials and promising pre-clinical strategies that would significantly impact patients with CVD are discussed. Here, we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD medicine.
心血管疾病（CVDs）被归类为衰老相关疾病，与这些疾病导致的动脉粥样硬化病变形成患病率增加相关，被认为是全球主要死因之一，代表着影响心脏和血管的严重健康危机。动脉粥样硬化被描述为一种慢性疾病，可导致心肌梗死、缺血性心肌病、中风和外周动脉疾病，迄今为止，大多数药物治疗主要旨在控制心血管疾病患者的危险因素。变革性治疗和成像诊断剂的进展可能会塑造这些方法的临床应用，包括纳米医学、生物材料、免疫疗法、细胞疗法和基因疗法，这些疗法正在兴起，并且可能在未来十年对心血管疾病管理产生重大影响。本综述总结了当前抗动脉粥样硬化治疗的主要里程碑、优势和局限性。它概述了纳米医学、细胞疗法以及基因和免疫治疗方面的最新发现和新兴技术，这些技术可以通过将心血管疾病临床实践转向精准医学来彻底改变该领域。讨论了与心血管疾病相关的临床试验以及将对心血管疾病患者产生重大影响的有前景的临床前策略。在此，我们回顾这些最新进展，突出快速发展的心血管疾病医学领域的关键临床机遇。
