Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 29;25(1):452. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010452.
The Helios protein (encoded by the gene) is a member of the Ikaros transcription family and it has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease progression in both mouse models and patients. Helios is beginning to be studied extensively for its influence on the T regulatory (Treg) compartment, both CD4 Tregs and KIR/Ly49 CD8 Tregs, with alterations to the number and function of these cells correlated to the autoimmune phenomenon. This review analyzes the most recent research on Helios expression in relation to the main immune cell populations and its role in SLE immune homeostasis, specifically focusing on the interaction between T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). This information could be potentially useful in the design of new therapies, with a particular focus on transfer therapies using immunosuppressive cells. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of using nanotechnology for magnetic targeting to overcome some of the obstacles related to these therapeutic approaches.
Helios 蛋白(由 基因编码)是 Ikaros 转录家族的成员,最近有人提出它是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)疾病进展的有前途的生物标志物,无论是在小鼠模型还是患者中。Helios 因其对 T 调节(Treg)区的影响而开始被广泛研究,包括 CD4 Tregs 和 KIR/Ly49 CD8 Tregs,这些细胞的数量和功能的改变与自身免疫现象相关。这篇综述分析了 Helios 表达与主要免疫细胞群的关系及其在 SLE 免疫稳态中的作用的最新研究,特别关注了 T 细胞与耐受原性树突状细胞(tolDCs)之间的相互作用。这些信息对于设计新的治疗方法可能非常有用,特别是侧重于使用免疫抑制细胞的转移治疗。最后,我们将讨论使用纳米技术进行磁性靶向的可能性,以克服与这些治疗方法相关的一些障碍。
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