Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Centro de Ciência e Qualidade dos Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, Brazil.
Nutr Res. 2024 Feb;122:101-112. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.007. Epub 2023 Dec 22.
Obesity is a health problem that involves fat accumulation in adipose and other tissues and causes cell dysfunction. Long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce and propagate inflammation, which may also contribute to the brain alterations found in individuals with obesity. Fatty acids accumulate in astrocytes in situations of blood‒brain barrier disruption, such as inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) secretion is considered an essential component of the inflammatory response. We hypothesize that through their action on astrocytes, long-chain saturated fatty acids mediate some of the brain alterations observed in individuals with obesity. Here, we investigate the direct effect of long-chain fatty acids on astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were incubated for 24 hours with myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, or α-linolenic acids (25-100 µM). All saturated fatty acids tested led to an increase in TNF-α secretion, but only palmitic acid, one of the most common fatty acids, increased S100B secretion, indicating that S100B secretion is probably not caused in response to TNF-α release. Palmitic acid also caused nuclear migration of nuclear factor kappa B. Long-chain saturated fatty acids did not alter cell viability or redox status. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids can alter astrocytic homeostasis and may contribute to brain disorders associated with obesity, such as neuroinflammation.
肥胖是一种涉及脂肪在脂肪组织和其他组织中积累并导致细胞功能障碍的健康问题。长链饱和脂肪酸可以诱导和传播炎症，这也可能导致肥胖患者大脑发生改变。在血脑屏障破坏的情况下，如炎症状态，脂肪酸会在星形胶质细胞中积累。此外，肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和 S100 钙结合蛋白 B（S100B）分泌的增加被认为是炎症反应的一个重要组成部分。我们假设，长链饱和脂肪酸通过对星形胶质细胞的作用，介导了肥胖患者大脑发生的一些改变。在这里，我们研究了长链脂肪酸对星形胶质细胞的直接影响。将原代星形胶质细胞培养物与肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸或α-亚麻酸（25-100 μM）孵育 24 小时。所有测试的饱和脂肪酸都导致 TNF-α 分泌增加，但只有棕榈酸，最常见的脂肪酸之一，增加了 S100B 分泌，这表明 S100B 分泌可能不是对 TNF-α释放的反应引起的。棕榈酸还导致核因子 kappa B 的核迁移。长链饱和脂肪酸不会改变细胞活力或氧化还原状态。总之，长链饱和脂肪酸可以改变星形胶质细胞的内稳态，并可能导致与肥胖相关的大脑紊乱，如神经炎症。
