Murawski Alaine, Ramirez-Zohfeld Vanessa, Mell Johnathan, Tschoe Marianne, Schierer Allison, Olvera Charles, Brett Jeanne, Gratch Jonathan, Lindquist Lee A
Division of Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2024 Apr;72(4):1112-1121. doi: 10.1111/jgs.18775. Epub 2024 Jan 13.
Family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease experience conflicts as they navigate health care but lack training to resolve these disputes. We sought to develop and pilot test an artificial-intelligence negotiation training program, NegotiAge, for family caregivers.
We convened negotiation experts, a geriatrician, a social worker, and community-based family caregivers. Content matter experts created short videos to teach negotiation skills. Caregivers generated dialogue surrounding conflicts. Computer scientists utilized the dialogue with the Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (IAGO) platform to develop avatar-based agents (e.g., sibling, older adult, physician) for caregivers to practice negotiating. Pilot testing was conducted with family caregivers to assess usability (USE) and satisfaction (open-ended questions with thematic analysis).
Development: With NegotiAge, caregivers progress through didactic material, then receive scenarios to negotiate (e.g., physician recommends gastric tube, sibling disagrees with home support, older adult refusing support). Caregivers negotiate in real-time with avatars who are designed to act like humans, including emotional tactics and irrational behaviors. Caregivers send/receive offers, using tactics until either mutual agreement or time expires. Immediate feedback is generated for the user to improve skills training. Pilot testing: Family caregivers (n = 12) completed the program and survey. USE questionnaire (Likert scale 1-7) subset scores revealed: (1) Useful-Mean 5.69 (SD 0.76); (2) Ease-Mean 5.24 (SD 0.96); (3) Learn-Mean 5.69 (SD 0.74); (4) Satisfy-Mean 5.62 (SD 1.10). Items that received over 80% agreements were: It helps me be more effective; It helps me be more productive; It is useful; It gives me more control over the activities in my life; It makes the things I want to accomplish easier to get done. Participants were highly satisfied and found NegotiAge fun to use (91.7%), with 100% who would recommend it to a friend.
NegotiAge is an Artificial-Intelligent Caregiver Negotiation Program, that is usable and feasible for family caregivers to become familiar with negotiating conflicts commonly seen in health care.
阿尔茨海默病患者的家庭照顾者在应对医疗保健问题时会经历冲突，但缺乏解决这些争端的培训。我们试图为家庭照顾者开发并进行人工智能谈判培训项目NegotiAge的试点测试。
我们召集了谈判专家、一名老年病医生、一名社会工作者以及社区家庭照顾者。内容专家制作了短视频来教授谈判技巧。照顾者围绕冲突展开对话。计算机科学家利用与在线交互式仲裁指南（IAGO）平台的对话，为照顾者开发基于化身的代理（如兄弟姐妹、老年人、医生），以便他们练习谈判。对家庭照顾者进行了试点测试，以评估可用性（USE）和满意度（通过主题分析的开放式问题）。
开发：通过NegotiAge，照顾者先学习教学材料，然后接受谈判场景（如医生建议插胃管，兄弟姐妹不同意居家支持，老年人拒绝支持）。照顾者与设计得像人类一样行事的化身进行实时谈判，包括情感策略和非理性行为。照顾者发送/接收提议，运用策略直至达成双方协议或时间结束。会为用户生成即时反馈以改进技能培训。试点测试：家庭照顾者（n = 12）完成了该项目和调查。USE问卷（李克特量表1 - 7）子量表得分显示：（1）有用性——均值5.69（标准差0.76）；（2）易用性——均值5.24（标准差0.96）；（3）学习性——均值5.69（标准差0.74）；（4）满意度——均值5.62（标准差1.10）。获得超过80%认同的项目有：它帮助我更有效率；它帮助我更有成效；它很有用；它让我对生活中的活动有更多掌控；它让我想完成的事情更容易完成。参与者高度满意，觉得NegotiAge使用起来很有趣（91.7%），100%的人会向朋友推荐它。
NegotiAge是一个人工智能照顾者谈判项目，对家庭照顾者来说是可用且可行的，有助于他们熟悉医疗保健中常见冲突的谈判。
