Avtandilashvili Maia, Tolmachev Sergey Y
United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA, 99354-4959, USA.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2024 Mar;63(1):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s00411-023-01055-y. Epub 2024 Jan 13.
The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) is a unique resource of data and materials for studying biokinetics of uranium in the human body. In this study, bioassay data and post-mortem organ activities from a female whole-body USTUR donor who was exposed to highly enriched uranium were analyzed using the IMBA Professional Plus® software to derive the best estimate of the total intake. The resulting radiation doses delivered to this individual's whole body and major target organs were calculated from estimated intake based on case-specific dose coefficients derived using the AIDE® software. Both intake and dose calculations were carried out using the biokinetic and dosimetric models recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in its Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides publication series. Different exposure scenarios including chronic and acute inhalation intakes were tested. A combination of a chronic inhalation intake and two acute inhalation intakes appears to best describe the bioassay data. To fit this female individual's autopsy data, the transfer rate from the liver to the blood was increased by a factor of 8 and the transfer rate from the kidneys to the blood was decreased by a factor of 2.2. This resulted in the best fit to all data (p = 0.519). The total intake was estimated to be 44.1 kBq, and the committed effective dose was 211 mSv with 96.8% contributed by U. 96.6% of the committed effective dose was contributed by the lungs. The remaining 3.4% of the committed effective dose was contributed by all systemic tissues and organs with the highest contribution (0.40%) from the red bone marrow. It is concluded that the current ICRP models, with the adjustment for smoking status, adequately describe uranium biokinetics for this individual except retention in the liver and kidneys. However, this study was based on a single case and may not be sufficient to identify any apparent sex-specific differences in uranium biokinetics.
美国超铀元素与铀登记处（USTUR）是研究人体中铀生物动力学的数据和材料的独特来源。在本研究中，使用IMBA Professional Plus®软件分析了一名暴露于高浓缩铀的女性USTUR全身捐赠者的生物测定数据和死后器官活度，以得出总摄入量的最佳估计值。根据使用AIDE®软件得出的特定病例剂量系数，从估计摄入量计算出该个体全身和主要靶器官所接受的辐射剂量。摄入量和剂量计算均使用国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）在其《放射性核素职业摄入量》出版物系列中推荐的生物动力学和剂量学模型。测试了包括慢性和急性吸入摄入量在内的不同暴露情景。慢性吸入摄入量与两次急性吸入摄入量的组合似乎最能描述生物测定数据。为了拟合该女性个体的尸检数据，肝脏到血液的转移率提高了8倍，肾脏到血液的转移率降低了2.2倍。这导致对所有数据的最佳拟合（p = 0.519）。估计总摄入量为44.1 kBq，待积有效剂量为211 mSv，其中96.8%由铀贡献。待积有效剂量的96.6%由肺部贡献。待积有效剂量的其余3.4%由所有全身组织和器官贡献，其中红骨髓的贡献最高（0.40%）。得出的结论是，当前的ICRP模型在根据吸烟状况进行调整后，除了在肝脏和肾脏中的滞留情况外，能够充分描述该个体的铀生物动力学。然而，本研究基于单个病例，可能不足以识别铀生物动力学中任何明显的性别差异。
