Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
Unidad de Adicciones, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2024 May 17;162(9):431-438. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.11.016. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
Substance use is a common health problem, and substance use disorder, which is its most severe presentation, is associated with multiple medical consequences and a negative impact on individual and on population health. Substance use disorder needs to be addressed as any chronic medical condition; therefore, it has to be detected at the early stages and has to be properly treated to prevent drug-related harm. Internists should be able to recognize and treat intoxication and abstinence. Internists should also be able to refer the patient to state of the art long term treatment, aimed to detoxification and treatment induction to promote abstinence and prevent relapse. In this narrative review we will discuss substance use epidemiology, its main medical consequences and its treatment, with a focus on alcohol, opiates, cocaine and other stimulants, cannabis and benzodiazepines.
物质使用是一个常见的健康问题，而物质使用障碍是其最严重的表现形式，与多种医学后果相关，并对个人和人群健康产生负面影响。物质使用障碍需要像任何慢性疾病一样得到治疗；因此，必须在早期发现并进行适当的治疗，以预防与药物相关的伤害。内科医生应该能够识别和治疗中毒和戒断。内科医生还应该能够将患者转介到最先进的长期治疗，旨在进行解毒和治疗诱导，以促进戒断和预防复发。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们将讨论物质使用的流行病学、其主要的医学后果及其治疗方法，重点关注酒精、阿片类药物、可卡因和其他兴奋剂、大麻和苯二氮䓬类药物。
