Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea; Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 May;34(5):1198-1206. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.011. Epub 2023 Dec 16.
Although dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), the relationship between dietary cholesterol and CKD remains unknown. We investigated the association between cholesterol intake and CKD risk.
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019-2021 (n = 13,769) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (n = 9225) data were used for this study. Cholesterol intake was assessed using a 24-h recall food frequency questionnaire, and participants were categorized into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) based on cholesterol intake. Primary outcomes were prevalence and incidence of CKD. Higher cholesterol intake was modestly associated with increased serum levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the KNHANES. However, we found no significant association between cholesterol intake and CKD prevalence in the KNHANES, regardless of a history of hypercholesterolemia. In the KoGES, during a median follow-up of 11.4 years, cholesterol intake was not associated with incident CKD in participants without hypercholesterolemia (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 mg increase, 1.00; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.01) and in those with hypercholesterolemia (HR, 1.01; 95 % CI, 0.98-1.04). Egg consumption also showed no significant association with the risk of incident CKD. Additionally, cholesterol intake had no significant interaction on the relationships between serum cholesterol levels and incident CKD.
Although cholesterol intake was associated with increased serum cholesterol levels, it was not associated with CKD prevalence and incidence. Our findings suggest that reducing cholesterol intake alone may not be sufficient to prevent CKD.
尽管血脂异常是慢性肾脏病（CKD）的主要危险因素，但膳食胆固醇与 CKD 之间的关系尚不清楚。我们研究了胆固醇摄入量与 CKD 风险之间的关系。
本研究使用了 2019-2021 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查（KNHANES）（n=13769）和韩国基因组和流行病学研究（KoGES）（n=9225）的数据。胆固醇摄入量通过 24 小时回顾性食物频率问卷进行评估，参与者根据胆固醇摄入量分为三组（T1、T2 和 T3）。主要结局是 CKD 的患病率和发生率。在 KNHANES 中，较高的胆固醇摄入量与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的血清水平升高呈适度相关。然而，无论是否存在高胆固醇血症，我们都发现胆固醇摄入量与 KNHANES 中 CKD 的患病率之间没有显著关联。在 KoGES 中，在中位数为 11.4 年的随访期间，在没有高胆固醇血症的参与者中，胆固醇摄入量与新发 CKD 无关（每增加 10mg 的风险比[HR]，1.00；95%置信区间[CI]，0.99-1.01），在有高胆固醇血症的参与者中，胆固醇摄入量与新发 CKD 也无关（HR，1.01；95%CI，0.98-1.04）。鸡蛋摄入量与新发 CKD 的风险也没有显著关联。此外，胆固醇摄入量与血清胆固醇水平和新发 CKD 之间的关系没有显著的相互作用。
尽管胆固醇摄入量与血清胆固醇水平升高有关，但与 CKD 的患病率和发生率无关。我们的研究结果表明，单独减少胆固醇摄入可能不足以预防 CKD。
