Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. C.P., 23096, Mexico.
Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Mar;146:109369. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109369. Epub 2024 Jan 14.
Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (as a preliminary screening assessment) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Direct bioautography. A study was performed in vivo to evaluate the effects of Damiana enriched diets at 0.5 % on immune parameters in mucus and serum and gene expression in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana) intestine after two and four weeks; an infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at 1x10 colony forming units (CFU) followed and an ex vivo study was carried out using head-kidney leukocytes. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays showed high antioxidant activities in Damiana leaves; even in the ABTS assay, Damiana at 300 μg/mL showed similar activity to ascorbic acid - the standard control. Damiana exhibited strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. In vivo studies showed a strong enhancement of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in mucus and serum of S. rivoliana supplemented with Damiana; their immunological response enhanced after infection with A. hydrophila. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 gene expressions upregulated in the fish intestine challenged with the bacterium. Piscidin and macrophage (MARCO) receptor gene expression up-regulated at week 4 and down-regulated after infection. Intestinal histology results confirm that Damiana not cause inflammation or damage. Finally, the ex vivo study confirmed the immunostimulant and protective effects of Damiana through increased phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activities and nitric oxide generation before and upon the bacterial encounter. These results support the idea that Damiana has the potential as an immunostimulant additive for diets in aquaculture by enhancing immune parameters and protecting Almaco Jack against A. hydrophila infections upon four weeks of supplementation.
玛黛茶（Turnera diffusa Willd）通过高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）-直接生物自显影法进行了体外抗氧化和抗金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌（作为初步筛选评估）的抗菌活性评估。进行了一项体内研究，以评估在两周和四周后，富含 0.5%玛黛茶的饮食对黏液和血清中免疫参数以及 Almaco Jack（Seriola rivoliana）肠道中基因表达的影响；用 1x10 菌落形成单位（CFU）的嗜水气单胞菌进行感染，并进行了头肾白细胞的离体研究。血浆铁还原能力（FRAP）和 2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）测定法表明玛黛茶叶片具有高抗氧化活性；即使在 ABTS 测定中，300μg/mL 的玛黛茶也表现出与抗坏血酸相似的活性-标准对照。玛黛茶对金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌表现出强烈的体外抗菌活性。体内研究表明，补充玛黛茶可强烈增强 Almaco Jack 黏液和血清中的髓过氧化物酶、一氧化氮、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性；感染嗜水气单胞菌后，其免疫反应增强。 challenged 用细菌刺激后，鱼类肠道中 IL-1β、TNF-α 和 IL-10 基因表达上调。MARCO）受体基因在第 4 周上调，感染后下调。肠道组织学结果证实玛黛茶不会引起炎症或损伤。最后，离体研究通过在细菌接触前后增加吞噬作用、呼吸爆发、髓过氧化物酶活性和一氧化氮生成，证实了玛黛茶的免疫刺激和保护作用。这些结果支持玛黛茶作为水产养殖饲料免疫刺激添加剂的想法，通过在四周的补充期内增强免疫参数并保护 Almaco Jack 免受嗜水气单胞菌感染。
