Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Jan 16;46(2):34. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01794-3.
Studies have demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM) is an underlying risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but evidence exploring the relationship between PM chemical components and T2DM was extremely limited, to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to PM and its five constituents (sulfate [SO], nitrate [NO], ammonium [NH]), organic matter [OM] and black carbon [BC]) on incidence of T2DM. Based on the "Jinchang Cohort" platform, a total of 19,884 participants were selected for analysis. Daily average concentrations of pollutants were gained from Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP). Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in single-pollutant models, restricted cubic splines functions were used to examine the dose-response relationships, and quantile g-computation (QgC) was applied to evaluate the combined effect of PM compositions on T2DM. Stratification analysis was also considered. A total of 791 developed new cases of T2DM were observed during a follow-up period of 45254.16 person-years. The concentrations of PM, NO, NH, OM and BC were significantly associated with incidence of T2DM (P-trend < 0.05), with the HRs in the highest quartiles of 2.16 (95% CI 1.79, 2.62), 1.43 (95% CI 1.16, 1.75), 1.75 (95% CI 1.45, 2.11), 1.31 (95% CI 1.08, 1.59) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.46, 2.21), respectively. Findings of QgC model showed a noticeably positive joint effect of one quartile increase in PM constituents on increased T2DM morbidity (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09, 1.49), and BC (32.7%) contributed the most to the overall effect. The drinkers, workers and subjects with hypertension, obesity, higher physical activity, and lower education and income were generally more susceptible to PM components hazards. Long-term exposure to PM and its components (i.e., NO, NH, OM, BC) was positively correlated with T2DM incidence. Moreover, BC may be the most responsible for the association between PM constituents and T2DM. In the future, more epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to identify the link and potential biological mechanisms.
研究表明，细颗粒物（PM）是 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的潜在风险因素，但探索 PM 化学组分与 T2DM 之间关系的证据极其有限，本研究旨在探讨长期暴露于 PM 及其五种成分（硫酸盐[SO]、硝酸盐[NO]、铵[NH]）、有机物[OM]和黑碳[BC]）与 T2DM 发病之间的关系。基于“金昌队列”平台，共选择了 19884 名参与者进行分析。污染物的日平均浓度从“中国追踪大气污染”（TAP）中获得。利用 Cox 比例风险回归模型在单污染物模型中估计危害比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI），采用限制立方样条函数来检验剂量-反应关系，采用分位数广义计算（QgC）来评估 PM 成分对 T2DM 的综合效应。还考虑了分层分析。在 45254.16 人年的随访期间，共观察到 791 例新发生的 T2DM 病例。PM、NO、NH、OM 和 BC 的浓度与 T2DM 的发病率显著相关（P-趋势<0.05），最高四分位组的 HR 分别为 2.16（95%CI 1.79，2.62）、1.43（95%CI 1.16，1.75）、1.75（95%CI 1.45，2.11）、1.31（95%CI 1.08，1.59）和 1.79（95%CI 1.46，2.21）。QgC 模型的研究结果表明，PM 成分增加一个四分位数对 T2DM 发病率的明显正联合效应（HR 1.27，95%CI 1.09，1.49），而 BC（32.7%）对整体效应的贡献最大。饮酒者、工人和高血压、肥胖、更高体力活动水平以及教育和收入水平较低的人群通常更容易受到 PM 成分的危害。长期暴露于 PM 及其成分（即 NO、NH、OM、BC）与 T2DM 发病率呈正相关。此外，BC 可能是 PM 成分与 T2DM 之间关联的最主要原因。未来还需要更多的流行病学和实验研究来确定这种关联和潜在的生物学机制。
