Mamelle N, Bertucat I, Auray J P, Duru G
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1986;34(4-5):286-93.
The aim of this study was to determine the best preventive measures for employed pregnant women. Assuming that certain working conditions constitute a risk factor for preterm birth, should we give time off to women whose jobs are strenuous, reduce their weekly hours of work, or lengthen their antenatal maternity leave in an attempt to reduce risk of preterm birth? To answer this question, a survey carried out in 50 factories showed that a reduction of weekly working hours (routinely granted in many factories at present) appears helpful in reducing the preterm birth rate : this is also true for sick leaves granted for fatigue without pathological reason : on the other hand, the lengthening of antenatal maternity leave for fatigue, without medical reason, seems without effect. In the absence of experimental evaluation of preventive measures proposed at the end of this study, we provide a model for evaluating, theoretically, the relationship efficiency/cost/acceptability of such measures. Consequently, instead of lengthening antenatal maternity leave, we suggest prescribing 1 rest week (as sick leave) per month, beginning with the 4th month of pregnancy, for women working in strenuous conditions.
本研究的目的是确定针对就业孕妇的最佳预防措施。假设某些工作条件是早产的危险因素，那么对于从事繁重工作的女性，我们是应该给她们休假、减少她们每周的工作时长，还是延长她们的产前产假以降低早产风险呢？为了回答这个问题，在50家工厂进行的一项调查显示，减少每周工作时长（目前在许多工厂是常规给予的）似乎有助于降低早产率：因疲劳而非病理性原因给予的病假也有同样效果；另一方面，无医学原因因疲劳而延长产前产假似乎没有效果。由于在本研究末尾提出的预防措施缺乏实验评估，我们提供了一个理论上评估此类措施的效率/成本/可接受性之间关系的模型。因此，对于从事繁重工作的女性，我们建议从怀孕第4个月开始，每月规定1周休息时间（作为病假），而不是延长产前产假。
