Qu Yangqi, Xu Jingjing, Zhang Tong, Chen Qinjun, Sun Tao, Jiang Chen
Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Jan;14(1):170-189. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.025. Epub 2023 Jul 29.
Tumor vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy by introducing tumor antigens into the body to activate specific anti-tumor immune responses. Along with the technological breakthroughs in genetic engineering and delivery systems, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has achieved unprecedented development and application over the last few years, especially the emergency use authorizations of two mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has saved countless lives and makes the world witness the powerful efficacy of mRNA technology in vaccines. However, unlike infectious disease vaccines, which mainly induce humoral immunity, tumor vaccines also need to activate potent cellular immunity to control tumor growth, which creates a higher demand for mRNA delivery to the lymphatic organs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here we review the existing bottlenecks of mRNA tumor vaccines and advanced nano-based strategies to overcome those challenges, as well as future considerations of mRNA tumor vaccines and their delivery systems.
肿瘤疫苗是一种很有前景的癌症免疫治疗策略，通过将肿瘤抗原引入体内来激活特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应。随着基因工程和递送系统的技术突破，信使核糖核酸（mRNA）技术在过去几年取得了前所未有的发展和应用，尤其是两种mRNA疫苗在新冠疫情期间获得紧急使用授权，挽救了无数生命，让世界见证了mRNA技术在疫苗中的强大功效。然而，与主要诱导体液免疫的传染病疫苗不同，肿瘤疫苗还需要激活强大的细胞免疫来控制肿瘤生长，这对将mRNA递送至淋巴器官和抗原呈递细胞（APC）提出了更高的要求。在此，我们综述了mRNA肿瘤疫苗目前存在的瓶颈以及克服这些挑战的先进纳米策略，以及对mRNA肿瘤疫苗及其递送系统的未来考量。
