Zhang Wanting, Jiang Yuxin, He Yonglong, Boucetta Hamza, Wu Jun, Chen Zhongjian, He Wei
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Oct;13(10):4105-4126. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
信使核糖核酸（mRNA）是蛋白质生物合成的模板，正成为对抗包括病毒感染和癌症在内的各种疾病的重要活性分子。特别是，基于mRNA的疫苗作为一种新型疫苗，在抗击当前全球新冠疫情中发挥了主导作用。然而，其固有的缺点，包括体积大、带负电荷和不稳定，阻碍了它作为治疗剂的应用。脂质载体是用于mRNA递送的独特且有前景的载体，能够将带负电荷的药物封装并递送至靶组织，并在所需时间释放所载物。在此，我们首先总结了不同脂质载体的结构和性质，如脂质体、类脂质体纳米颗粒、固体脂质纳米颗粒、脂质-聚合物杂化纳米颗粒、纳米乳剂、外泌体和脂蛋白颗粒，以及它们在递送mRNA中的应用。然后，讨论并强调了基于脂质的制剂作为疫苗递送系统的发展。着重介绍了新冠mRNA疫苗的最新进展。最后，我们阐述了我们对该领域的未来愿景和展望。
