Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Jan 19;22(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01430-8.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. There are several potential risk factors responsible for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer, including age, family history, a history of inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. For decades, there has been a vast amount of study on treatment approaches for colorectal cancer, which has led to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, etc. Considering the high prevalence and incidence rate, scholars believe there is an urgent need for an alternative, more efficacious treatment with fewer adverse effects than the abovementioned treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential treatment alternative in a few years and has become one of the fastest-evolving therapeutic methods. Immunotherapy works by activating or enhancing the immune system's power to identify and attack cancerous cells. This review summarizes the most crucial new immunotherapy methods under investigation for colorectal cancer treatment, including Immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, BiTEs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and Oncolytic virus therapy. Furthermore, this study discusses the application of combination therapy, precision medicine, biomarker discovery, overcoming resistance, and immune-related adverse effects. Video Abstract.
结直肠癌是全球最常见的死亡原因之一。有几个潜在的风险因素导致结直肠癌的发生和发展，包括年龄、家族史、炎症性肠病病史和生活方式因素，如体育活动和饮食。几十年来，人们对结直肠癌的治疗方法进行了大量研究，这导致了化疗、手术等传统疗法的出现。考虑到其高患病率和发病率，学者们认为迫切需要一种替代方法，与上述治疗方法相比，这种方法具有更少的副作用和更高的疗效。免疫疗法在几年内成为一种潜在的治疗选择，并已成为发展最快的治疗方法之一。免疫疗法通过激活或增强免疫系统识别和攻击癌细胞的能力来发挥作用。本综述总结了目前正在研究的用于结直肠癌治疗的最重要的新型免疫疗法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、CAR-T 细胞疗法、BiTEs、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞和溶瘤病毒疗法。此外，本研究还讨论了联合治疗、精准医学、生物标志物发现、克服耐药性和免疫相关不良反应的应用。视频摘要。
