Yang Jun Hyeok, Park Jeong Woo, Kim Ho Sung, Lee Seungki, Yerke Aaron M, Jaiswal Yogini S, Williams Leonard L, Hwang Sungmin, Moon Ki Hwan
Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Division of Convergence of Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Department of Marine Bioscience and Environment, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jan 15;13(1):82. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010082.
The symbiotic community of microorganisms in the gut plays an important role in the health of the host. While many previous studies have been performed on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host in mammals, studies in fish are still lacking. In this study, we investigated changes in the intestinal microbiome and pathogen susceptibility of zebrafish () following chronic antibiotics exposure. The chronic antibiotics exposure assay was performed on zebrafish for 30 days using oxytetracycline (Otc), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Smx/Tmp), or erythromycin (Ery), which are antibiotics widely used in the aquaculture industry. The microbiome analysis indicated that Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the gut microbiome of the zebrafish used in this study. However, in Smx/Tmp-treated zebrafish, the compositions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were changed significantly, and in Ery-treated zebrafish, the compositions of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were altered significantly. Although alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the richness, beta diversity analysis revealed a community imbalance in the gut microbiome of all chronically antibiotics-exposed zebrafish. Intriguingly, in zebrafish with dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, the pathogen susceptibility to , a representative Gram-negative fish pathogen, was reduced. Gut microbiome imbalance resulted in a higher count of goblet cells in intestinal tissue and an upregulation of genes related to the intestinal mucosal barrier. In addition, as innate immunity was enhanced by the increased mucosal barrier, immune and stress-related gene expression in the intestinal tissue was downregulated. In this study, we provide new insight into the effect of gut microbiome dysbiosis on pathogen susceptibility.
肠道中的微生物共生群落对宿主健康起着重要作用。尽管此前已有许多关于哺乳动物肠道微生物群与宿主之间相互作用的研究，但鱼类方面的研究仍较为缺乏。在本研究中，我们调查了斑马鱼在长期接触抗生素后肠道微生物群的变化以及对病原体的易感性。使用土霉素（Otc）、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（Smx/Tmp）或红霉素（Ery）对斑马鱼进行了为期30天的长期抗生素暴露试验，这些都是水产养殖业中广泛使用的抗生素。微生物群分析表明，厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门是本研究中所用斑马鱼肠道微生物群中的优势菌门。然而，在经Smx/Tmp处理的斑马鱼中，厚壁菌门和变形菌门的组成发生了显著变化，而在经Ery处理的斑马鱼中，变形菌门和放线菌门的组成发生了显著改变。尽管α多样性分析显示丰富度没有显著差异，但β多样性分析揭示了所有长期接触抗生素的斑马鱼肠道微生物群存在群落失衡。有趣的是，在肠道微生物群失调的斑马鱼中，对代表性革兰氏阴性鱼类病原体嗜水气单胞菌的病原体易感性降低。肠道微生物群失衡导致肠道组织中杯状细胞数量增加以及与肠道黏膜屏障相关基因的上调。此外，由于黏膜屏障增加增强了先天免疫，肠道组织中免疫和应激相关基因的表达下调。在本研究中，我们为肠道微生物群失调对病原体易感性的影响提供了新的见解。
