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从扩散海森堡关系角度看,(纳米)颗粒在向纳米尺度转变过程中的聚集

(Nano)Granules-Involving Aggregation at a Passage to the Nanoscale as Viewed in Terms of a Diffusive Heisenberg Relation.

作者信息

Gadomski Adam

机构信息

Group of Modeling of Physicochemical Processes, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 Street, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

出版信息

Entropy (Basel). 2024 Jan 17;26(1):0. doi: 10.3390/e26010076.

Abstract

We are looking at an aggregation of matter into granules. Diffusion plays a pivotal role here. When going down to the nanometer scale (the so-called nanoscale quantum-size effect limit), quantum mechanics, and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, may take over the role of classical diffusion, as viewed typically in the mesoscopic/stochastic limit. A -dimensional entropy-production aggregation of the granules-involving matter in the granule-size space is considered in terms of a (sub)diffusive realization. It turns out that when taking a full -dimensional pathway of the aggregation toward the nanoscale, one is capable of disclosing a Heisenberg-type (diffusional) relation, setting up an upper uncertainty bound for the (sub)diffusive, very slow granules-including environment that, within the granule-size analogy invoked, matches the quantum limit of / (μ-average mass of a granule; -the Planck's constant) for the diffusion coefficient of the aggregation, first proposed by Fürth in 1933 and qualitatively foreseen by Schrödinger some years before, with both in the context of a diffusing particle. The classical quantum passage uncovered here, also termed insightfully as the quantum-size effect (as borrowed from the quantum dots' parlance), works properly for the three-dimensional ( = 3) case, making use of a substantial physical fact that the (nano)granules interact readily via their surfaces with the also-granular surroundings in which they are immersed. This natural observation is embodied in the basic averaging construction of the diffusion coefficient of the entropy-productive (nano)aggregation of interest.

摘要

我们正在研究物质聚集成颗粒的过程。扩散在这里起着关键作用。当缩小到纳米尺度(所谓的纳米尺度量子尺寸效应极限)时,量子力学和海森堡不确定性关系可能会取代经典扩散的作用,这通常是在介观/随机极限中观察到的。从(亚)扩散实现的角度考虑了颗粒大小空间中涉及颗粒物质的一维熵产生聚集。结果表明,当沿着聚集向纳米尺度的全维路径进行时,人们能够揭示一种海森堡型(扩散)关系,为(亚)扩散的、非常缓慢的颗粒(包括环境)建立一个上限不确定性边界,在引入的颗粒大小类比中,该边界与1933年Fürth首次提出并在几年前薛定谔定性预见的聚集扩散系数的量子极限/(μ - 颗粒的平均质量; - 普朗克常数)相匹配,两者均在扩散粒子的背景下。这里揭示的经典量子通道,也被深刻地称为量子尺寸效应(借鉴量子点的说法),在三维( = 3)情况下运行良好,利用了一个重要的物理事实,即(纳米)颗粒通过其表面与它们所处的颗粒状周围环境容易相互作用。这种自然观察体现在感兴趣的熵产生(纳米)聚集的扩散系数的基本平均构造中。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b0fd/11154410/b13ee3c0c65d/entropy-26-00076-g001.jpg

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