School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jan 8;21(1):68. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21010068.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass negative, stressful, and potentially traumatic events during childhood, impacting physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Limited studies suggest ACEs can have short-term effects on children's gut microbiomes and adult cognitive performance under stress. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of ACEs experienced during adulthood remain unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the long-term effects of ACEs on the gut microbiota of adult nursing students. We employed a multidimensional approach, combining 16S rRNA sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and machine learning to predict functional capabilities. High-ACE individuals had an increased abundance of spp. and spp. and decreased levels of Clostridiales, and spp. abundance correlated negatively with L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis, potentially impacting intestinal tissue integrity. While nursing students with high ACE reported increased depression, evidence for a direct gut microbiota-depression relationship was inconclusive. High-ACE individuals also experienced a higher prevalence of diarrhea. These findings highlight the long-lasting impact of ACEs on the gut microbiota and its functions in adulthood, particularly among nursing students. Further research is warranted to develop targeted interventions and strategies for healthcare professionals, optimizing overall health outcomes.
不良的童年经历（ACEs）包含童年时期的负面、压力和潜在创伤事件，对成年后的身心健康产生影响。有限的研究表明，ACEs 可能对儿童的肠道微生物组和成年人在压力下的认知表现产生短期影响。然而，成年期经历 ACEs 的长期影响仍未得到探索。因此，本研究旨在评估 ACEs 对成年护理学生肠道微生物组的长期影响。我们采用了多维方法，结合 16S rRNA 测序、生物信息学工具和机器学习来预测功能能力。高 ACE 个体的 spp. 和 spp. 丰度增加，Clostridiales 和 spp. 水平降低。 丰度与 L-谷氨酸和 L-谷氨酰胺生物合成呈负相关，可能影响肠道组织完整性。虽然高 ACE 的护理学生报告抑郁增加，但肠道微生物组与抑郁之间的直接关系的证据并不确定。高 ACE 个体也经历更高的腹泻发生率。这些发现强调了 ACEs 对成年期肠道微生物组及其功能的持久影响，尤其是在护理学生中。需要进一步的研究来为医疗保健专业人员制定有针对性的干预措施和策略，优化整体健康结果。
