Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jan 9;21(1):74. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21010074.
Accurate determination of the concentration of alcohols and their metabolites is important in forensics and in several life science areas. A new headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed to quantify alcohols and their oxidative products using isotope-labeled internal standards. The limit of detection (LOD) of the analytes in the developed method was 0.211 µg/mL for methanol, 0.158 µg/mL for ethanol, 0.157 µg/mL for isopropanol, 0.010 µg/mL for n-propanol, 0.157 µg/mL for acetone, and 0.209 µg/mL for acetaldehyde. The precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated, and the relative standard deviation percentages were found to be less than 3%. This work demonstrates the application of this method, specifically in quantifying the concentration of oxidative products of alcohol and other minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers, which have become an essential household item since the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the major components, the minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers include methanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol. The concentration range of these minor alcohols found in ethanol-based hand sanitizer samples was as follows: methanol, 0.000921-0.0151 mg/mL; isopropanol, 0.454-13.8 mg/mL; and n-propanol, 0.00474-0.152 mg/mL. In ethanol-based hand sanitizers, a significant amount of acetaldehyde (0.00623-0.231 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product, while in the isopropanol-based hand sanitizer, acetone (0.697 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product. The concentration of acetaldehyde in ethanol-based hand sanitizers significantly increased with storage time and temperature, whereas no such increase in acetone concentration was observed in isopropanol-based hand sanitizers with storage time and temperature. In two of the selected hand sanitizers, the acetaldehyde levels increased by almost 200% within a week when stored at room temperature. Additionally, exposing the hand sanitizers to a temperature of 45 °C for 24 h resulted in a 100% increase in acetaldehyde concentration. On the contrary, the acetone level remained constant upon the change in storage time and temperature.
准确测定醇类及其代谢物的浓度在法医学和多个生命科学领域都很重要。本研究建立了一种新的顶空气相色谱-质谱法，使用同位素标记的内标定量分析醇类及其氧化产物。在开发的方法中，分析物的检测限（LOD）为甲醇 0.211μg/mL、乙醇 0.158μg/mL、异丙醇 0.157μg/mL、正丙醇 0.010μg/mL、丙酮 0.157μg/mL 和乙醛 0.209μg/mL。评估了该方法的精密度和准确度，相对标准偏差百分比均小于 3%。本工作证明了该方法的应用，特别是在定量检测酒精和其他在手部消毒剂中发现的次要醇类的氧化产物浓度方面，自从 COVID-19 大流行以来，手部消毒剂已成为家庭必备物品。除了主要成分外，手部消毒剂中还发现有甲醇、异丙醇和正丙醇等少量醇类。在基于乙醇的手部消毒剂样品中，这些少量醇类的浓度范围如下：甲醇，0.000921-0.0151mg/mL；异丙醇，0.454-13.8mg/mL；正丙醇，0.00474-0.152mg/mL。在基于乙醇的手部消毒剂中，观察到大量的乙醛（0.00623-0.231mg/mL）作为氧化产物，而在基于异丙醇的手部消毒剂中，观察到丙酮（0.697mg/mL）作为氧化产物。随着储存时间和温度的变化，乙醇基手部消毒剂中乙醛的浓度显著增加，而在异丙醇基手部消毒剂中，随着储存时间和温度的变化，丙酮浓度没有增加。在选择的两种手部消毒剂中，室温下储存一周内，乙醛含量增加了近 200%。此外，将手部消毒剂暴露在 45°C 温度下 24 小时，乙醛浓度增加了 100%。相反，在储存时间和温度变化时，丙酮水平保持不变。
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