Warren Andrew D, Severns Paul M
McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Research Associate, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Rd., UF Cultural Plaza, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 2315 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Insects. 2024 Jan 12;15(1):53. doi: 10.3390/insects15010053.
Predator-prey coevolution, particularly chemo-ecological arms races, is challenging to study as it requires the integration of behavioral, chemical ecology, and phylogenetic studies in an amenable system. Moths of the genus (Saturniidae) are colorful, diurnal, and fast and often fly well above the vegetation canopy layer. However, several species have been reported as being captured in spider webs, specifically species (Araneidae). Female are known to produce mating pheromones and spiders of the Araneidae family are known to use pheromone lures to attract lepidopteran prey. We presented primarily female , which are attractive to male (Saturniidae), to different populations of species across the southern and western United States to categorize the homing response strength of different species of male . When we mapped these lure attraction strength categories onto the most recently published phylogeny, the behavioral patterns suggested a potential co-evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. Males of , , and (all in the same clade) appeared to have no attraction to , while and (within a different, separate clade) appeared to be strongly attracted to , but (also within the and clade) displayed no attraction. Furthermore, (yet a different clade) displayed strong, weak, and no attraction to , depending on the population. These apparent clade partitioning patterns of lure effectiveness and within-species variation in lure responses suggest a predator-prey coevolutionary history of measures and countermeasures.
捕食者 - 猎物的协同进化，尤其是化学生态军备竞赛，由于需要在一个合适的系统中整合行为学、化学生态学和系统发育学研究，因此研究起来具有挑战性。 属（天蚕蛾科）的蛾色彩鲜艳、昼行性且飞行速度快，常常在植被冠层上方飞行。然而，有报道称几种 物种被蜘蛛网捕获，特别是 物种（园蛛科）。已知雌性 会产生交配信息素，而园蛛科的蜘蛛会使用信息素诱饵来吸引鳞翅目猎物。我们主要将对雄性 （天蚕蛾科）有吸引力的雌性 呈现给美国南部和西部不同种群的 物种，以分类不同物种雄性 的归巢反应强度。当我们将这些 诱饵吸引强度类别映射到最近发表的 系统发育树上时，行为模式表明捕食者和猎物之间可能存在协同进化的军备竞赛。 、 和 （都在同一进化枝中）的雄性似乎对 没有吸引力，而 和 （在不同的、单独的进化枝中）似乎对 有强烈吸引力，但 （也在 和 进化枝内）没有表现出吸引力。此外， （又是一个不同的进化枝）对 表现出强烈、微弱和无吸引力，这取决于种群。这些 诱饵有效性的明显进化枝划分模式以及 诱饵反应中的种内变异表明了捕食者 - 猎物协同进化的措施和对策历史。
