Rodgers V D, Kagnoff M F
West J Med. 1987 Jan;146(1):57-67.
In addition to abnormalities in systemic immune function, patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the pre-AIDS syndromes have significant abnormalities in the distribution of T-cell subsets in the intestinal tract. Such immune deficits predispose such patients to opportunistic infections and tumors, many of which involve the gastrointestinal tract. For example, Candida albicans often causes stomatitis and esophagitis. Intestinal infections with parasites (Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Microsporidia) or bacteria (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare) are associated with severe diarrhea and malabsorption, whereas viruses like cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus cause mucosal ulcerations. Clinically debilitating chronic diarrhea develops in many AIDS patients for which no clear cause can be identified. Enteric pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter can be associated with bacteremias. Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma involving the intestinal tract are now well-recognized complications of AIDS. Although AIDS is not associated with a pathognomonic liver lesion, opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphoma may involve the liver.
除了全身免疫功能异常外，获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者和艾滋病前期综合征患者的肠道T细胞亚群分布也存在显著异常。这种免疫缺陷使这些患者易患机会性感染和肿瘤，其中许多累及胃肠道。例如，白色念珠菌常引起口腔炎和食管炎。寄生虫（隐孢子虫、贝氏等孢球虫、微孢子虫）或细菌（鸟分枝杆菌复合群）引起的肠道感染与严重腹泻和吸收不良有关，而巨细胞病毒和单纯疱疹病毒等病毒则引起黏膜溃疡。许多艾滋病患者会出现临床上使人虚弱的慢性腹泻，且病因不明。沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌等肠道病原体可导致菌血症。肠道卡波西肉瘤和淋巴瘤现在是艾滋病公认的并发症。虽然艾滋病与特征性肝脏病变无关，但机会性感染以及卡波西肉瘤或淋巴瘤可能累及肝脏。
