Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Biomolecules. 2024 Jan 11;14(1):93. doi: 10.3390/biom14010093.
Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) show great promise for clinical applications, offering a less invasive alternative to current cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures. However, the relationships between these biomarkers and specific cognitive functions, as well as their utility in predicting longitudinal cognitive decline, are not yet fully understood. This descriptive review surveys the literature from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the associations of amyloid-β (Aβ), Total Tau (t-Tau), Phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), Neurofilament Light (NfL), and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) with cognitive measures. The reviewed studies are heterogeneous, varying in design and population (cognitively unimpaired, cognitively impaired, or mixed populations), and show results that are sometimes conflicting. Generally, cognition positively correlates with Aβ levels, especially when evaluated through the Aβ/Aβ ratio. In contrast, t-Tau, p-Tau, Nfl, and GFAP levels typically show a negative correlation with cognitive performance. While p-Tau measures generally exhibit stronger associations with cognitive functions compared to other biomarkers, no single blood marker has emerged as being predominantly linked to a specific cognitive domain. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between blood biomarkers and cognitive performance and underscore their potential utility in clinical assessments of cognition.
近年来，阿尔茨海默病（AD）的基于血液生物标志物的研究进展显示出在临床应用方面的巨大潜力，为当前的脑脊液（CSF）测量提供了一种侵入性较小的替代方法。然而，这些生物标志物与特定认知功能之间的关系，以及它们在预测纵向认知下降方面的效用，尚未完全理解。本描述性综述调查了 2018 年至 2023 年的文献，重点关注淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）、总 Tau（t-Tau）、磷酸化 Tau（p-Tau）、神经丝轻链（NfL）和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）与认知测量的关联。综述的研究具有异质性，设计和人群（认知正常、认知受损或混合人群）各不相同，结果有时相互矛盾。一般来说，认知与 Aβ 水平呈正相关，尤其是通过 Aβ/Aβ 比值进行评估时。相比之下，t-Tau、p-Tau、Nfl 和 GFAP 水平通常与认知表现呈负相关。虽然 p-Tau 测量值通常与认知功能的相关性比其他生物标志物更强，但没有一种血液标志物被证明主要与特定认知领域相关。这些发现有助于我们理解血液生物标志物与认知表现之间的复杂关系，并强调它们在认知临床评估中的潜在效用。
