Tuscano Silvia Clara, Haxton Jason, Ciardo Antonio, Ciullo Luigi, Zegarra-Parodi Rafael
Istituto Europeo per la Medicina Osteopatica (IEMO), 16122 Genova, Italy.
Museum of the Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jan 6;12(2):130. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12020130.
Osteopathy was originally introduced in rural America in 1874 as a comprehensive therapeutic approach aimed at promoting health. This approach was distinct and often conflicting with conventional/allopathic therapeutic methods available at that time to fight disease. We argue that, in struggling to achieve recognition within the American healthcare system and within the educational academic field that was about to be structured, the American osteopathic profession tried to protect itself from the charges of sectarism by starting to embrace principles of the biomedical paradigm.
A comparative and historiographic review of the second version of the autobiography of AT Still (1908), the founder of osteopathy, against the first (1897) was chosen as an example of the adaptation of the American osteopathic profession to its evolving academic environment.
Although there were only a few substantial variations, we argue that they aimed to dampen the non-biological components of osteopathy, namely, its philosophical, spiritual, religious, emotional, and Native American roots, in an effort to gain respect and recognition within the emerging gold standard of the Western medical system. The shift towards a distinct, fully integrated profession within regulated Western healthcare systems was perceived by many professionals as a threat to AT Still's original ideas, and the trend started when he was alive.
Our findings suggest that a crucial conversation regarding the future of the professional identity must take place within the osteopathic community.
整骨疗法于1874年最初在美国农村地区引入，作为一种旨在促进健康的综合治疗方法。这种方法与众不同，且常常与当时可用的传统/对抗疗法的治疗方法相冲突。我们认为，在美国医疗保健系统以及即将构建的教育学术领域中努力争取认可的过程中，美国整骨疗法专业通过开始接受生物医学范式的原则来试图保护自己免受宗派主义的指责。
选择对整骨疗法创始人A.T. 斯蒂尔（A.T. Still）1908年自传第二版与第一版（1897年）进行比较和历史编纂回顾，作为美国整骨疗法专业适应其不断演变的学术环境的一个例子。
尽管只有一些实质性的变化，但我们认为这些变化旨在淡化整骨疗法的非生物成分，即其哲学、精神、宗教、情感和美国原住民根源，以便在西方医学体系新兴的金标准内获得尊重和认可。许多专业人士认为，向受监管的西方医疗保健系统内一个独特、完全整合的专业的转变对A.T. 斯蒂尔的原始理念构成了威胁，而且这种趋势在他在世时就已开始。
我们的研究结果表明，整骨疗法界必须就专业身份的未来展开至关重要的讨论。
