Basharat Sana, Ahmad Farooq, Hameed Mansoor, Ahmad Muhammad Sajid Aqeel, Asghar Ansa, Fatima Sana, Ahmad Khawaja Shafique, Shah Syed Mohsan Raza, Hashem Abeer, Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores, Abd Allah Elsayed Fathi, Abbas Zaheer
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jan 11;13(2):203. doi: 10.3390/plants13020203.
Multiple abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress prevailing in natural habitats affect plant growth and development. Different species modify their structural and functional traits to combat these abiotic stresses while growing in stressful environments. species, i.e., , , and are widely distributed grasses found growing all over the world. Samples from natural populations were collected from different ecological regions in the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa that were exposed to aridity, salinity, and cold, while one site was designated as normal control. In the present study, structural and functional modifications of three species under abiotic stresses were evaluated. It was expected that each species may evolve different strategies to cope with multiple abiotic stresses. All species responded differently whether growing in normal environment or stressful conditions. The most remarkable feature for survival in under cold stress was increased inflorescence and increased stem and root lignification. showed better tolerance to saline and cold environments. showed better development of leaf sheath anatomical traits. The structural and functional modifications in species such as development of mechanical tissues provided structural support, while dermal and parenchymatous tissues increased water storage capacity and minimized water loss. An increase in the concentration of organic osmolytes and ionic content aids turgor pressure maintenance and ionic content crucial for plant growth and development. It was concluded that structural and functional alterations in all species were very specific and critical for survival under different environmental stresses. The ecological fitness of these species relied on maintenance of growth and biomass production, and the development of mechanical, vascular, dermal and parenchyma tissues under stressful environmental conditions. Moreover, accumulation of beneficial ions (K and Ca) and organic osmolytes were critical in turgor maintenance, hence survival of spp.
自然栖息地中普遍存在的多种非生物胁迫，如干旱、盐度、高温和低温胁迫，会影响植物的生长和发育。不同物种在压力环境中生长时会改变其结构和功能特征以对抗这些非生物胁迫。例如，[物种名称1]、[物种名称2]和[物种名称3]是广泛分布于世界各地的草类。从旁遮普邦和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的不同生态区域采集了自然种群的样本，这些区域受到干旱、盐度和寒冷的影响，同时指定一个地点作为正常对照。在本研究中，评估了三种[物种名称]在非生物胁迫下的结构和功能变化。预计每个[物种名称]可能会进化出不同的策略来应对多种非生物胁迫。所有[物种名称]在正常环境或胁迫条件下生长时反应都不同。[物种名称1]在低温胁迫下生存的最显著特征是花序增加以及茎和根木质化增加。[物种名称2]对盐碱和寒冷环境表现出更好的耐受性。[物种名称3]叶鞘解剖特征发育更好。[物种名称]的结构和功能变化，如机械组织的发育提供了结构支撑，而表皮和薄壁组织增加了储水能力并减少了水分流失。有机渗透剂浓度和离子含量的增加有助于维持膨压，离子含量对植物生长发育至关重要。得出的结论是，所有[物种名称]的结构和功能改变都非常具体，对在不同环境胁迫下的生存至关重要。这些物种的生态适应性依赖于在胁迫环境条件下维持生长和生物量生产，以及机械、维管、表皮和薄壁组织的发育。此外，有益离子（钾和钙）和有机渗透剂的积累对于维持膨压至关重要，因此[物种名称]得以生存。
